Esther 1

Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 22

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²² He sent letters to all the provinces, to every province in its own system of writing and to every people in their language, that every man should be master in his own house!

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Esther 1:22. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 4

Word Entries 118

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח סְפָרִים֙ אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֶל־מְדִינָ֤ה וּמְדִינָה֙ כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ וְאֶל־עַ֥ם וָעָ֖ם כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ לִהְי֤וֹת כָּל־אִישׁ֙ שֹׂרֵ֣ר בְּבֵית֔וֹ וּמְדַבֵּ֖ר כִּלְשׁ֥וֹן עַמּֽוֹ׃ פ

22 word entries

וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח

Lemma: c/7971
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7971
Occurrences: 387

סְפָרִים֙

Lemma: 5612 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5612
Occurrences: 110

אֶל

Lemma: 413
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H413
Occurrences: 5170

כָּל

Lemma: 3605
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3605
Occurrences: 3268

מְדִינ֣וֹת

Lemma: 4082
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4082
Occurrences: 24

הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ

Lemma: d/4428
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H4428
Occurrences: 1083

אֶל

Lemma: 413
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H413
Occurrences: 5170

מְדִינָ֤ה

Lemma: 4082
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4082
Occurrences: 24

וּמְדִינָה֙

Lemma: c/4082
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H4082
Occurrences: 10

כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ

Lemma: k/3791
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3791
Occurrences: 4

וְאֶל

Lemma: c/413
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + preposition
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H413
Occurrences: 345

עַ֥ם

Lemma: 5971 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5971
Occurrences: 682

וָעָ֖ם

Lemma: c/5971 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5971
Occurrences: 59

כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ

Lemma: k/3956
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3956
Occurrences: 4

לִהְי֤וֹת

Lemma: l/1961
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 74

כָּל

Lemma: 3605
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3605
Occurrences: 3268

אִישׁ֙

Lemma: 376
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H376
Occurrences: 1458

שֹׂרֵ֣ר

Lemma: 8323
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H8323
Occurrences: 6

בְּבֵית֔וֹ

Lemma: b/1004 b
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1004
Occurrences: 215

וּמְדַבֵּ֖ר

Lemma: c/1696
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb piel participle active
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1696
Occurrences: 331

כִּלְשׁ֥וֹן

Lemma: k/3956
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3956
Occurrences: 4

עַמּֽוֹ

Lemma: 5971 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5971
Occurrences: 682

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܫ̇ܕܪ ܐܓܪ̈ܬܐ ܠܟܘܠܗܝܢ ܡܕܝܢ̈ܬܗ ܕܡ̇ܠܟܐ. ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܐܝܟ ܟܬܒܗ̇. ܘܠܥܡܐ ܐܝܟ ܠܫܢܗ. ܠܡܗܘܐ ܟܠ ܓܒܪ ܫܠܝܛ ܒܒܝܬܗ. ܘܡ̇ܡܠܠ ܐܝܟ ܠܫܢ ܥܡܗ. .

20 word entries

ܘܫ̇ܕܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܫܕܪ
Transliteration: wshdr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 204

ܐܓܪ̈ܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܓܪܬܐ
Transliteration: 'grt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 44

ܠܟܘܠܗܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܟܘܠܗܝܢ
Transliteration: lkwlhyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 7

ܡܕܝܢ̈ܬܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܕܝܢܬܗ
Transliteration: mdynth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 23

ܕܡ̇ܠܟܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܠܟܐ
Transliteration: dmlk'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 458

ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ
Transliteration: lmdynt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 49

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܟܬܒܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܬܒܗ
Transliteration: ktbh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 4

ܘܠܥܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܥܡܐ
Transliteration: wl'm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 19

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܠܫܢܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܫܢܗ
Transliteration: lshnh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 19

ܠܡܗܘܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܗܘܐ
Transliteration: lmhw'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 19

ܟܠ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܟܠ
Transliteration: kul
Morphology: quantifier/adjective
Gloss: all, every
Occurrences: 569

ܓܒܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܓܒܪ
Transliteration: gbr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 148

ܫܠܝܛ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܠܝܛ
Transliteration: shlyt
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 35

ܒܒܝܬܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܒܝܬܗ
Transliteration: bbyth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 120

ܘܡ̇ܡܠܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܡܠܠ
Transliteration: wmmll
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 9

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܠܫܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܫܢ
Transliteration: lshn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 4

ܥܡܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡܗ
Transliteration: 'mh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 328

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וּשְׁלַח פִּיטְקִין כְּתִיבַן וַחֲתִימַן בְּעִזְקְתֵיהּ לְכָל פַּלְכֵי מַלְכָּא לְפֶלֶךְ וּפֶלֶךְ כְּמִכְתַּב רוּשְׁמֵיהּ וּלְוַת עַמָא וְעַמָא כְּמַמְלֵל לִישָׁנֵיהּ קָרֵי וְכֵן אֲמַר אַתּוּן עַמַיָא אוּמַיָא וְלִישָׁנַיָא דִי דַיְרִין בְּכָל מֶמְשַׁלְתִּי אִזְדַהֲרוּ לְמֶהֱוֵי כָל גְבַר מְסַרְבָן עַל אִתְּתֵיהּ וְכָפֵי לָהּ לְמֶהֱוֵי מְמַלְלָא בְּלִישָׁן גַבְרָא וּכְמַמְלָל עַמֵיהּ׃

43 word entries

וּשְׁלַח

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שלח
Transliteration: wshlch
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 239

פִּיטְקִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פיטקין
Transliteration: pytqyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

כְּתִיבַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תיבן
Transliteration: ktybn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 6

וַחֲתִימַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חתימן
Transliteration: wchtymn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

בְּעִזְקְתֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עזקתיה
Transliteration: b'zqtyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

לְכָל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לכל
Transliteration: lkl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 312

פַּלְכֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פלכי
Transliteration: plky
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 14

מַלְכָּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מלך
Transliteration: mlk'
Morphology: prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: from king
Occurrences: 2509

לְפֶלֶךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פלך
Transliteration: lplk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

וּפֶלֶךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פלך
Transliteration: wplk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

כְּמִכְתַּב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מכתב
Transliteration: kmktb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 5

רוּשְׁמֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רושמיה
Transliteration: rwshmyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

וּלְוַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לות
Transliteration: wlwt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 430

עַמָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: 'm'
Morphology: noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: people
Occurrences: 1754

וְעַמָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: w'm'
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: and people
Occurrences: 1754

כְּמַמְלֵל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ממלל
Transliteration: kmmll
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 12

לִישָׁנֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ישניה
Transliteration: lyshnyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 7

קָרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קרי
Transliteration: qry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 46

וְכֵן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: וכן
Transliteration: wkn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 55

אֲמַר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אמר
Transliteration: 'mr
Morphology: verbal root אמר, speech/action form
Gloss: said, spoke
Occurrences: 3728

אַתּוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתון
Transliteration: 'twn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 317

עַמַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמיא
Transliteration: 'my'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 49

אוּמַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אומיא
Transliteration: 'wmy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 38

וְלִישָׁנַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לישניא
Transliteration: wlyshny'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 8

דִי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: די
Transliteration: dy
Morphology: relative/genitive particle
Gloss: of, that, which
Occurrences: 1711

דַיְרִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ירין
Transliteration: dyryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 9

בְּכָל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בכל
Transliteration: bkl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 382

מֶמְשַׁלְתִּי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: משלתי
Transliteration: mmshlty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

אִזְדַהֲרוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אזדהרו
Transliteration: 'zdhrw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

לְמֶהֱוֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מהוי
Transliteration: lmhwy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 206

כָל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: כל
Transliteration: kl
Morphology: collective noun/adjective
Gloss: all, every
Occurrences: 2135

גְבַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גבר
Transliteration: gbr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 627

מְסַרְבָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סרבן
Transliteration: msrbn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 15

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

אִתְּתֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתתיה
Transliteration: 'ttyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 37

וְכָפֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כפי
Transliteration: wkpy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

לָהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לה
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 260

לְמֶהֱוֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מהוי
Transliteration: lmhwy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 206

מְמַלְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מללא
Transliteration: mmll'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 57

בְּלִישָׁן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לישן
Transliteration: blyshn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 6

גַבְרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גברא
Transliteration: gbr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 524

וּכְמַמְלָל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כממלל
Transliteration: wkmmll
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

עַמֵיהּ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמיה
Transliteration: 'myh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 403

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

et misit epistolas ad universas provincias regni sui, ut quæque gens audire et legere poterat, diversis linguis et litteris, esse viros principes ac majores in domibus suis: et hoc per cunctos populos divulgari.

33 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

misit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mitto
Transliteration: misit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1165

epistulas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: epistola
Transliteration: epistulas
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 73

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

universas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uniuersus
Transliteration: universas
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 889

provincias

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: prouincia
Transliteration: provincias
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 55

regni

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: regnum
Transliteration: regni
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 499

sui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: sui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ut
Transliteration: ut
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 4533

quaeque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quisque
Transliteration: quaeque
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 12

gens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gens
Transliteration: gens
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 873

audire

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: audio
Transliteration: audire
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1534

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

legere

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lego
Transliteration: legere
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 78

poterat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: possum
Transliteration: poterat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 881

diversis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: diuersus
Transliteration: diversis
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 31

linguis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lingua
Transliteration: linguis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 219

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

litteris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: littera
Transliteration: litteris
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 46

esse

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: esse
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

viros

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uir
Transliteration: viros
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1641

principes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: princeps
Transliteration: principes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 830

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ac
Transliteration: ac
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 184

maiores

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: maiores
Transliteration: maiores
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 6

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

domibus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: domus
Transliteration: domibus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1989

suis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

hoc

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hic
Transliteration: hoc
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4646

per

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: per
Transliteration: per
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 1915

cunctos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cunctus
Transliteration: cunctos
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 586

populos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: populus
Transliteration: populos
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2030

divulgari

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: diuulgo
Transliteration: divulgari
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 12

Source availability notes

These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.

Greek LXX alternate tradition
The current Greek Brenton source archive does not expose this as the same canonical book. Related Greek Esther/Ezra traditions are tracked under separate or alternate structures where available.

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Esther 3:12

And so, on the thirteenth day of the first month, the king’s secretaries were summoned and as Haman instructed an edict was issued to the king’s satraps and provincial governors and the rulers of each of the peoples in their own script and their own language. The edict was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed with his ring.

6 relevance votes

Esther 8:9

On the twenty-third day of the third month (that is the month of Sivan), the king’s secretaries were summoned and as Mordecai instructed an edict was issued to the Jews, to the satraps and provincial governors and the rulers of each of the one hundred twenty-seven provinces from India to Ethiopia in their own script and their own language, and to the Jews in their own script and language.

6 relevance votes

Chapter 1 of 10 Verse 22 of 22

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Esther 1

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Esther 3:12

Esther 8:9

1 Timothy 2:12

Luke 16:8

Daniel 4:1

Daniel 3:29