8 and ‘a stumbling-block, and a rock which will prove a hindrance.’ They stumble because they do not accept the message. This was the fate destined for them.
Open English Bible, US Edition
1 Peter 2
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 8
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Peter 2:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
52
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
καί, Λίθος προσκόμματος καὶ πέτρα σκανδάλου· οἳ προσκόπτουσι τῷ λόγῳ ἀπειθοῦντες· εἰς ὃ καὶ ἐτέθησαν.
15 word entries
καί
Λίθος
προσκόμματος
- Lemma
- proskommatov
- Transliteration
- proskommatov
- Morphology
- Greek: noun genitive singular neuter
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G4348
- Occurrences
- 4
καὶ
πέτρα
σκανδάλου
οἳ
προσκόπτουσι
- Lemma
- proskoptousin
- Transliteration
- proskoptousin
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4350
- Occurrences
- 1
τῷ
λόγῳ
ἀπειθοῦντες
- Lemma
- apeiqountev
- Transliteration
- apeiqountev
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G544
- Occurrences
- 3
εἰς
ὃ
καὶ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
οἳ προσκόπτουσιν τῷ λόγῳ ἀπειθοῦντες, εἰς ὃ καὶ ἐτέθησαν.
9 word entries
τῷ
λόγῳ
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܟܐܦܐ ܗܘ ܕܬܘܩܠܬܐ ܘܐܒܢܐ ܕܟܫܠܐ ܘܡܬܬܩܠܝܢ ܒܗ ܒܕܠܐ ܡܬܛܦܝܣܝܢ ܠܡܠܬܐ ܕܠܗܕܐ ܣܝܡܝܢ
12 word entries
ܟܐܦܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܐܦܐ
- Transliteration
- k'p'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 101
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘ
- Transliteration
- hu
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, it, is
- Occurrences
- 1648
ܕܬܘܩܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܬܘܩܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dtwqlt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܘܐܒܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܒܢܐ
- Transliteration
- w'bn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܕܟܫܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܟܫܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dkshl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܡܬܬܩܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܬܬܩܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wmttqlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗ
- Transliteration
- bh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 343
ܒܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- bdl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 7
ܡܬܛܦܝܣܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܬܛܦܝܣܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mttpysyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 15
ܠܡܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- lmlt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 18
ܕܠܗܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܗܕܐ
- Transliteration
- dlhd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܣܝܡܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܝܡܝܢ
- Transliteration
- symyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 7
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
et lapis offensionis, et petra scandali, his qui offendunt verbo, nec credunt in quo et positi sunt.
16 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
lapis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lapis
- Transliteration
- lapis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 330
offensionis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- offensio
- Transliteration
- offensionis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 17
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
petra
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- petra
- Transliteration
- petra
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 103
scandali
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- scandalum
- Transliteration
- scandali
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 35
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
offendunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- offendo
- Transliteration
- offendunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 29
verbo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uerbum
- Transliteration
- verbo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1162
nec
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- neque
- Transliteration
- nec
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 930
credunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- credo
- Transliteration
- credunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 369
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
quod
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quod
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
positi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pono
- Transliteration
- positi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 894
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Isaiah 8:14
31 relevance votes1 Corinthians 1:23
we are proclaiming Christ crucified! – to the Jews an obstacle, to the Gentiles mere folly,
16 relevance votes1 Peter 2:7
It is to you, then, who believe in him that he is precious, but to those who do not believe he is ‘a stone which, though rejected by the builders, has now itself become the corner-stone,’
11 relevance votesRomans 9:22
And what if God, intending to reveal his displeasure and make his power known, bore most patiently with the objects of his displeasure, though they were fit only to be destroyed,
9 relevance votesJude 1:4
For there have crept in among you certain godless people, whose sentence has long since been pronounced, and who make the mercy of God an excuse for profligacy, and disown our only lord and master, Jesus Christ.
7 relevance votes2 Peter 2:3
In their covetousness they will try to make you a source of profit by their fabrications; but for a long time past their sentence has not been standing idle, nor their ruin slumbering.
6 relevance votes1 Thessalonians 5:9
For God destined us, not for wrath, but to win salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ, who died for us,
6 relevance votesLuke 2:34
Simeon gave them his blessing, and said to Mary, the child’s mother, “This child is appointed to be the cause of the fall and rise of many in Israel, and to be a sign much spoken against –
5 relevance votes2 Corinthians 2:16
To the latter we are a stench which arises from death and tells of death; to the former a fragrance which arises from life and tells of life. But who is equal to such a task?
2 relevance votes