18 Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 16:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
37
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
לִפְנֵי־שֶׁ֥בֶר גָּא֑וֹן וְלִפְנֵ֥י כִ֝שָּׁל֗וֹן גֹּ֣בַהּ רֽוּחַ׃
7 word entries
לִפְנֵי
שֶׁ֥בֶר
גָּא֑וֹן
וְלִפְנֵ֥י
כִ֝שָּׁל֗וֹן
גֹּ֣בַהּ
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Πρὸ συντριβῆς ἡγεῖται ὕβρις, πρὸ δὲ πτώματος κακοφροσύνη.
8 word entries
Πρὸ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πρό
- Transliteration
- pro
- Morphology
- preposition with genitive
- Gloss
- before
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition meaning before or in front of.
- Occurrences
- 241
συντριβῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- συντριβῆς
- Transliteration
- syntribes
- Morphology
- genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
ἡγεῖται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἡγεῖται
- Transliteration
- egeitai
- Morphology
- nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 5
ὕβρις
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ὕβρις
- Transliteration
- ybris
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ὕβρις
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 14
πρὸ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πρό
- Transliteration
- pro
- Morphology
- preposition with genitive
- Gloss
- before
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition meaning before or in front of.
- Occurrences
- 241
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
πτώματος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πτώματος
- Transliteration
- ptomatos
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
κακοφροσύνη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- κακοφροσύνη
- Transliteration
- kakophrosyne
- Morphology
- nominative feminine singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܩܕܡ ܬܒܪܐ ܨܥܪܐ ܘܩܕܡ ܟܘܪܗܢܐ ܪܡܘܬ ܪܘܚܐ
7 word entries
ܩܕܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܕܡ
- Transliteration
- qdm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1019
ܬܒܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܒܪܐ
- Transliteration
- tbr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 24
ܨܥܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܨܥܪܐ
- Transliteration
- s'r'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 14
ܘܩܕܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܩܕܡ
- Transliteration
- wqdm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 65
ܟܘܪܗܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܘܪܗܢܐ
- Transliteration
- kwrhn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 7
ܪܡܘܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܡܘܬ
- Transliteration
- rmwt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 4
ܪܘܚܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܪܘܚܐ
- Transliteration
- ruha
- Morphology
- noun, feminine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- spirit, wind
- Occurrences
- 147
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
קֳדָם תַּבְרָא גֵוְתָנוּתָא וְקָדָם תַּקְלָא רָמַת רוּחָא׃
7 word entries
קֳדָם
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- קדם
- Transliteration
- qdm
- Morphology
- prepositional or nominal form
- Gloss
- before, in front of, east
- Occurrences
- 2023
תַּבְרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תברא
- Transliteration
- tbr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 28
גֵוְתָנוּתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גותנותא
- Transliteration
- gwtnwt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 2
וְקָדָם
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- קדם
- Transliteration
- wqdm
- Morphology
- prefixed conjunction ו + prepositional or nominal form
- Gloss
- and before, in front of, east
- Occurrences
- 2023
תַּקְלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תקלא
- Transliteration
- tql'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 25
רָמַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רמת
- Transliteration
- rmt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 9
רוּחָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רוחא
- Transliteration
- rwch'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 101
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Contritionem præcedit superbia, et ante ruinam exaltatur spiritus.
8 word entries
contritionem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- contritio
- Transliteration
- contritionem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 46
praecedit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- praecedo
- Transliteration
- praecedit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 68
superbia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- superbia
- Transliteration
- superbia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 102
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
ante
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ante
- Transliteration
- ante
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 594
ruinam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ruina
- Transliteration
- ruinam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 63
exaltatur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- exalto
- Transliteration
- exaltatur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 162
spiritus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- spiritus
- Transliteration
- spiritus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 709
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Proverbs 11:2
When pride cometh, then cometh shame: but with the lowly is wisdom.
43 relevance votesProverbs 18:12
Before destruction the heart of man is haughty, and before honour is humility.
24 relevance votesProverbs 29:23
A man’s pride shall bring him low: but honour shall uphold the humble in spirit.
15 relevance votes1 Timothy 3:6
Not a novice, lest being lifted up with pride he fall into the condemnation of the devil.
8 relevance votesRomans 11:20
Well; because of unbelief they were broken off, and thou standest by faith. Be not highminded, but fear:
7 relevance votesProverbs 17:19
He loveth transgression that loveth strife: and he that exalteth his gate seeketh destruction.
7 relevance votesEsther 6:6
So Haman came in. And the king said unto him, What shall be done unto the man whom the king delighteth to honour? Now Haman thought in his heart, To whom would the king delight to do honour more than to myself?
5 relevance votesEsther 7:10
So they hanged Haman on the gallows that he had prepared for Mordecai. Then was the king’s wrath pacified.
2 relevance votesEsther 3:5
And when Haman saw that Mordecai bowed not, nor did him reverence, then was Haman full of wrath.
1 relevance votesDaniel 5:22
And thou his son, O Belshazzar, hast not humbled thine heart, though thou knewest all this;
1 relevance votesDaniel 5:24
Then was the part of the hand sent from him; and this writing was written.
0 relevance votesMatthew 26:74
Then began he to curse and to swear, saying , I know not the man. And immediately the cock crew.
0 relevance votes