16 Give one another a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send their love to you.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 16:16. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
44
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ἀσπάσασθε ἀλλήλους ἐν φιλήματι ἁγίῳ. Ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς αἱ ἐκκλησίαι τοῦ Χριστοῦ.
11 word entries
Ἀσπάσασθε
ἀλλήλους
ἐν
φιλήματι
ἁγίῳ
Ἀσπάζονται
- Lemma
- aspazontai
- Transliteration
- aspazontai
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle/passive deponent indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G782
- Occurrences
- 12
ὑμᾶς
αἱ
ἐκκλησίαι
τοῦ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ἀσπάσασθε ἀλλήλους ἐν φιλήματι ἁγίῳ. ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς αἱ ἐκκλησίαι πᾶσαι τοῦ Χριστοῦ.
12 word entries
ἐν
αἱ
τοῦ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܫܐܠܘ ܒܫܠܡܐ ܚܕ ܕܚܕ ܒܢܘܫܩܬܐ ܩܕܝܫܬܐ ܫܐܠܢ ܒܫܠܡܟܘܢ ܟܠܗܝܢ ܥܕܬܗ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ
11 word entries
ܫܐܠܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܐܠܘ
- Transliteration
- sh'lw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 34
ܒܫܠܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܫܠܡܐ
- Transliteration
- bshlm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 36
ܚܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܕ
- Transliteration
- hd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 412
ܕܚܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܕ
- Transliteration
- dhd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 41
ܒܢܘܫܩܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܢܘܫܩܬܐ
- Transliteration
- bnwshqt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 6
ܩܕܝܫܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܕܝܫܬܐ
- Transliteration
- qdysht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 16
ܫܐܠܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܐܠܢ
- Transliteration
- sh'ln
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2
ܒܫܠܡܟܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܫܠܡܟܘܢ
- Transliteration
- bshlmkwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 15
ܟܠܗܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܠܗܝܢ
- Transliteration
- klhyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 88
ܥܕܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܕܬܗ
- Transliteration
- 'dth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5
ܕܡܫܝܚܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܫܝܚܐ
- Transliteration
- dmshyh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 97
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Salutate invicem in osculo sancto. Salutant vos omnes ecclesiæ Christi.
10 word entries
salutate
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- saluto
- Transliteration
- salutate
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 76
invicem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inuicem
- Transliteration
- invicem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 118
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
osculo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- osculum
- Transliteration
- osculo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 10
sancto
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sanctus
- Transliteration
- sancto
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 797
salutant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- saluto
- Transliteration
- salutant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 76
vos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uos
- Transliteration
- vos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2958
omnes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- omnis
- Transliteration
- omnes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5506
ecclesiae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ecclesia
- Transliteration
- ecclesiae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 163
Christi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Christus
- Transliteration
- Christi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 541
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
1 Corinthians 16:20
All the brothers send their love to you. Give one another a holy kiss.
9 relevance votes1 Thessalonians 5:26
Give all the brothers a holy kiss.
9 relevance votes2 Corinthians 13:12
Give one another a holy kiss.
7 relevance votes1 Peter 5:14
Give one another the kiss of love. Peace be to you all in Christ.
6 relevance votesActs 20:37
And they were all weeping, falling on Paul's neck and kissing him,
4 relevance votes