13 Give my love to Rufus, one of the Lord's selection, and to his mother and mine.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 16:13. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
42
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ἀσπάσασθε Ῥοῦφον τὸν ἐκλεκτὸν ἐν Κυρίῳ, καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμοῦ.
12 word entries
Ἀσπάσασθε
Ῥοῦφον
τὸν
ἐκλεκτὸν
ἐν
Κυρίῳ
καὶ
τὴν
μητέρα
αὐτοῦ
καὶ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ἀσπάσασθε Ῥοῦφον τὸν ἐκλεκτὸν ἐν κυρίῳ καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμοῦ.
12 word entries
τὸν
ἐν
καὶ
τὴν
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܫܐܠܘ ܒܫܠܡܐ ܕܪܘܦܣ ܓܒܝܐ ܒܡܪܢ ܘܕܐܡܗ ܕܝܠܗ ܘܕܝܠܝ
8 word entries
ܫܐܠܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܐܠܘ
- Transliteration
- sh'lw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 34
ܒܫܠܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܫܠܡܐ
- Transliteration
- bshlm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 36
ܕܪܘܦܣ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܪܘܦܣ
- Transliteration
- drwps
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܓܒܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܒܝܐ
- Transliteration
- gby'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 11
ܒܡܪܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܡܪܢ
- Transliteration
- bmrn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 48
ܘܕܐܡܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܕܐܡܗ
- Transliteration
- wd'mh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܝܠܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܠܗ
- Transliteration
- dylh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 37
ܘܕܝܠܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܕܝܠܝ
- Transliteration
- wdyly
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Salutate Rufum electum in Domino, et matrem ejus, et meam.
10 word entries
salutate
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- saluto
- Transliteration
- salutate
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 76
Rufum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Rufus
- Transliteration
- Rufum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 2
electum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- eligo
- Transliteration
- electum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 325
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
Domino
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dominus
- Transliteration
- Domino
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8181
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
matrem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mater
- Transliteration
- matrem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 321
eius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
meam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- meus
- Transliteration
- meam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4586
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
2 John 1:1
I, a ruler in the church, send word to the noble sister who is of God's selection, and to her children, for whom I have true love; and not only I, but all who have knowledge of what is true;
4 relevance votesMark 15:21
And they made one, Simon of Cyrene, the father of Alexander and Rufus, who was going by, coming from the country, go with them, so that he might take his cross.
4 relevance votes1 Timothy 5:2
To the older women as to mothers, to the younger as to sisters, with a clean heart.
4 relevance votesJohn 15:16
You did not take me for yourselves, but I took you for myself; and I gave you the work of going about and producing fruit which will be for ever; so that whatever request you make to the Father in my name he may give it to you.
3 relevance votesEphesians 1:4
Even as he made selection of us in him from the first, so that we might be holy and free from all evil before him in love:
2 relevance votesJohn 19:27
Then he said to the disciple, There is your mother! And from that hour the disciple took her to his house.
2 relevance votesMatthew 20:16
So the last will be first, and the first last.
2 relevance votes2 Thessalonians 2:13
But it is right for us to give praise to God at all times for you, brothers, loved by the Lord, because it was the purpose of God from the first that you might have salvation, being made holy by the Spirit and by faith in what is true:
2 relevance votesMark 3:35
Whoever does God's pleasure, the same is my brother, and sister, and mother.
2 relevance votes