14 But how will they give worship to him in whom they have no faith? and how will they have faith in him of whom they have not had news? and how will they have news without a preacher?
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 10:14. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
73
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Πῶς οὖν ἐπικαλέσονται εἰς ὃν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν; Πῶς δὲ πιστεύσουσιν οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν; Πῶς δὲ ἀκούσουσι χωρὶς κηρύσσοντος;
18 word entries
Πῶς
οὖν
ἐπικαλέσονται
- Lemma
- epikalesontai
- Transliteration
- epikalesontai
- Morphology
- Greek: verb future middle indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1941
- Occurrences
- 1
εἰς
ὃν
οὐκ
ἐπίστευσαν
- Lemma
- episteusan
- Transliteration
- episteusan
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist active indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4100
- Occurrences
- 22
Πῶς
δὲ
πιστεύσουσιν
- Lemma
- pisteusousin
- Transliteration
- pisteusousin
- Morphology
- Greek: verb future active indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4100
- Occurrences
- 2
οὗ
οὐκ
ἤκουσαν
Πῶς
δὲ
ἀκούσουσι
- Lemma
- akousousin
- Transliteration
- akousousin
- Morphology
- Greek: verb future active indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G191
- Occurrences
- 2
χωρὶς
κηρύσσοντος
- Lemma
- khrussontov
- Transliteration
- khrussontov
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle genitive singular masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2784
- Occurrences
- 1
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
πῶς οὖν ἐπικαλέσωνται εἰς ὃν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν; πῶς δὲ πιστεύσωσιν οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν; πῶς δὲ ἀκούσονται χωρὶς κηρύσσοντος;
18 word entries
ἐπικαλέσωνται
- Lemma
- ἐπικαλέομαι
- Morphology
- V-AMS-3P
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G1941
- Occurrences
- 30
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܝܟܢܐ ܗܟܝܠ ܢܩܪܘܢ ܠܐܝܢܐ ܕܠܐ ܗܝܡܢܘ ܒܗ ܐܘ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܢܗܝܡܢܘܢ ܠܗܘ ܕܠܐ ܫܡܥܘܗܝ ܐܘ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܢܫܡܥܘܢ ܕܠܐ ܡܟܪܙܢܐ
18 word entries
ܐܝܟܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟܢܐ
- Transliteration
- 'ykn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 261
ܗܟܝܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܟܝܠ
- Transliteration
- hkyl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 250
ܢܩܪܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܩܪܘܢ
- Transliteration
- nqrwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܐܝܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- l'yn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 14
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܗܝܡܢܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܝܡܢܘ
- Transliteration
- hymnw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 36
ܒܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗ
- Transliteration
- bh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 343
ܐܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܘ
- Transliteration
- 'w
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 312
ܐܝܟܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟܢܐ
- Transliteration
- 'ykn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 261
ܢܗܝܡܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܗܝܡܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- nhymnwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܗܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗܘ
- Transliteration
- lhw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 69
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܫܡܥܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܡܥܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- shm'why
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܐܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܘ
- Transliteration
- 'w
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 312
ܐܝܟܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟܢܐ
- Transliteration
- 'ykn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 261
ܢܫܡܥܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܫܡܥܘܢ
- Transliteration
- nshm'wn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 6
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܡܟܪܙܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܟܪܙܢܐ
- Transliteration
- mkrzn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Quomodo ergo invocabunt, in quem non crediderunt? aut quomodo credent ei, quem non audierunt? quomodo autem audient sine prædicante?
19 word entries
quomodo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quomodo
- Transliteration
- quomodo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 284
ergo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ergo
- Transliteration
- ergo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1237
invocabunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inuoco
- Transliteration
- invocabunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 152
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
quem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
crediderunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- credo
- Transliteration
- crediderunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 369
aut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aut
- Transliteration
- aut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 509
quomodo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quomodo
- Transliteration
- quomodo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 284
credent
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- credo
- Transliteration
- credent
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 369
ei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- ei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
quem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
audierunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- audio
- Transliteration
- audierunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1534
quomodo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quomodo
- Transliteration
- quomodo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 284
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
audient
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- audio
- Transliteration
- audient
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1534
sine
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sine
- Transliteration
- sine
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 241
praedicante
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- praedico
- Transliteration
- praedicante
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 151
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Titus 1:3
Who, in his time, made clear his word in the good news, of which, by the order of God our Saviour, I became a preacher;
15 relevance votesActs 8:31
And he said, How is that possible when I have no guide? And he made Philip get up by his side.
13 relevance votesHebrews 11:6
And without faith it is not possible to be well-pleasing to him, for it is necessary for anyone who comes to God to have the belief that God is, and that he is a rewarder of all those who make a serious search for him.
12 relevance votesJames 5:15
And by the prayer of faith the man who is ill will be made well, and he will be lifted up by the Lord, and for any sin which he has done he will have forgiveness.
10 relevance votesEphesians 4:21
If in fact you gave ear to him, and were given teaching in him, even as what is true is made clear in Jesus:
10 relevance votes2 Timothy 4:17
But the Lord was by my side and gave me strength; so that through me the news might be given out in full measure, and all the Gentiles might give ear: and I was taken out of the mouth of the lion.
10 relevance votesJohn 20:31
But these are recorded, so that you may have faith that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and so that, having this faith you may have life in his name.
9 relevance votesActs 19:2
And he said to them, Did you get the Holy Spirit when you had faith? And they said to him, No, we have had no knowledge of the Holy Spirit.
9 relevance votesRomans 1:5
Through whom grace has been given to us, sending us out to make disciples to the faith among all nations, for his name:
7 relevance votesJonah 1:16
Then great was the men's fear of the Lord; and they made an offering to the Lord and took oaths to him.
6 relevance votesJonah 1:5
Then the sailors were full of fear, every man crying to his god; and the goods in the ship were dropped out into the sea to make the weight less. But Jonah had gone down into the inmost part of the ship where he was stretched out in a deep sleep.
6 relevance votes