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Bible in Basic English

Isaiah 45

Bible in Basic English, Verse 2

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² I will go before you, and make the rough places level: the doors of brass will be broken, and the iron rods cut in two:

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 45:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 63

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

אֲנִי֙ לְפָנֶ֣יךָ אֵלֵ֔ךְ וַהֲדוּרִ֖ים אושר דַּלְת֤וֹת נְחוּשָׁה֙ אֲשַׁבֵּ֔ר וּבְרִיחֵ֥י בַרְזֶ֖ל אֲגַדֵּֽעַ׃

12 word entries

אֲנִי֙

Lemma: 589
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H589
Occurrences: 693

לְפָנֶ֣יךָ

Lemma: l/6440
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6440
Occurrences: 1012

אֵלֵ֔ךְ

Lemma: 3212
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3212
Occurrences: 456

וַהֲדוּרִ֖ים

Lemma: c/1921
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1921
Occurrences: 2

אושר

Lemma: 3474
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil imperfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3474
Occurrences: 20

אֲיַשֵּׁ֑ר

Lemma: 3474
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel imperfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3474
Occurrences: 20

דַּלְת֤וֹת

Lemma: 1817 c
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1817
Occurrences: 47

נְחוּשָׁה֙

Lemma: 5154
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5154
Occurrences: 9

אֲשַׁבֵּ֔ר

Lemma: 7665
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel imperfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7665
Occurrences: 91

וּבְרִיחֵ֥י

Lemma: c/1280
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1280
Occurrences: 15

בַרְזֶ֖ל

Lemma: 1270
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1270
Occurrences: 44

אֲגַדֵּֽעַ

Lemma: 1438
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel imperfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1438
Occurrences: 14

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἐγὼ ἔμπροσθέν σου πορεύσομαι, καὶ ὄρη ὁμαλιῶ, θύρας χαλκᾶς συντρίψω, καὶ μοχλοὺς σιδηροῦς συνκλάσω.

14 word entries

Ἐγὼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

ἔμπροσθέν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἔμπροσθέν
Transliteration: emprosthen
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 20

σου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

πορεύσομαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πορεύομαι
Transliteration: poreusomai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 1st singular
Gloss: I will go
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To go, travel, journey, or walk.
Occurrences: 631

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ὄρη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὄρος
Transliteration: oros
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: mountain
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Mountain or hill.
Occurrences: 607

ὁμαλιῶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ὁμαλιῶ
Transliteration: omalio
Morphology: 1st singular verb or contracted noun/adjective form depending on context
Gloss: I ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

θύρας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θύρα
Transliteration: thyras
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative plural
Gloss: doors, gates
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Door, gate, or entrance.
Occurrences: 182

χαλκᾶς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: χαλκᾶς
Transliteration: chalkas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

συντρίψω

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: συντρίψω
Transliteration: syntripso
Morphology: 1st singular verb or contracted noun/adjective form depending on context
Gloss: I ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

μοχλοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μοχλοὺς
Transliteration: mochloys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 22

σιδηροῦς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σιδηροῦς
Transliteration: sideroys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

συνκλάσω

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: συνκλάσω
Transliteration: synklaso
Morphology: future active indicative, 1st singular pattern
Gloss: I will ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܢܐ ܩܕܡܝܟ ܐܙܠ ܘܥܪܡܐ ܐܫܦܐ ܬܪ̈ܥܐ ܕܢܚܫܐ ܐܬܒܪ ܘܡܘ̈ܟܠܐ ܕܦܪܙܠܐ ܐܓܕܡ

11 word entries

ܐܢܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܐܢܐ
Transliteration: ena
Morphology: personal pronoun, first common singular
Gloss: I
Occurrences: 1289

ܩܕܡܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܕܡܝܟ
Transliteration: qdmyk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 179

ܐܙܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܙܠ
Transliteration: 'zl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 147

ܘܥܪܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܥܪܡܐ
Transliteration: w'rm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܐܫܦܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܫܦܐ
Transliteration: 'shp'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 3

ܬܪ̈ܥܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܪܥܐ
Transliteration: tr''
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 160

ܕܢܚܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܢܚܫܐ
Transliteration: dnhsh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 65

ܐܬܒܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܬܒܪ
Transliteration: 'tbr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5

ܘܡܘ̈ܟܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܘܟܠܐ
Transliteration: wmwkl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܕܦܪܙܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܦܪܙܠܐ
Transliteration: dprzl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 26

ܐܓܕܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܓܕܡ
Transliteration: 'gdm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

מֵימְרִי קֳדָמָךְ יְהָךְ וְשׁוּרַיָא אֲכַבֵּשׁ דָשִׁין דִנְחָשׁ אֱתַּבֵר וְעַבְרִין דְבַרְזֶל אֲקַצֵץ׃

11 word entries

מֵימְרִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ימרי
Transliteration: mymry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 113

קֳדָמָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדמך
Transliteration: qdmk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 280

יְהָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יהך
Transliteration: yhk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 9

וְשׁוּרַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שוריא
Transliteration: wshwry'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 7

אֲכַבֵּשׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אכבש
Transliteration: 'kbsh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

דָשִׁין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שין
Transliteration: dshyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 14

דִנְחָשׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נחש
Transliteration: dnchsh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 31

אֱתַּבֵר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתבר
Transliteration: 'tbr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 32

וְעַבְרִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עברין
Transliteration: w'bryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 31

דְבַרְזֶל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ברזל
Transliteration: dbrzl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 9

אֲקַצֵץ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אקצץ
Transliteration: 'qtsts
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Ego ante te ibo, et gloriosos terræ humiliabo; portas æreas conteram, et vectes ferreos confringam:

15 word entries

ego

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ego
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 6108

ante

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ante
Transliteration: ante
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 594

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tu
Transliteration: te
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4602

ibo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: eo
Transliteration: ibo
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 698

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

gloriosos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gloriosus
Transliteration: gloriosos
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 31

terrae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: terra
Transliteration: terrae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: earth
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: earth, land, ground
Etymology: Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
Occurrences: 3087

humiliabo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: humilio
Transliteration: humiliabo
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 132

portas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: porta
Transliteration: portas
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 412

aereas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aereus
Transliteration: aereas
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 45

conteram

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: contero
Transliteration: conteram
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 173

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

vectes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uectis
Transliteration: vectes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 66

ferreos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ferreus
Transliteration: ferreos
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 39

confringam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: confringo
Transliteration: confringam
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 100

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Isaiah 45

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

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