Isaiah
Chapter 45
Verse 18
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Isaiah 45

Bible in Basic English, Verse 18

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18 For this is the word of the Lord who made the heavens; he is God; the maker and designer of the earth; who made it not to be a waste, but as a living-place for man: I am the Lord, and there is no other.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 45:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 142
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָֽמַר־יְ֠הוָה בּוֹרֵ֨א הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם ה֣וּא הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים יֹצֵ֨ר הָאָ֤רֶץ וְעֹשָׂהּ֙ ה֣וּא כֽוֹנְנָ֔הּ לֹא־תֹ֥הוּ בְרָאָ֖הּ לָשֶׁ֣בֶת יְצָרָ֑הּ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה וְאֵ֥ין עֽוֹד׃

22 word entries
כִּ֣י
Lemma
3588 a
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H3588
Occurrences
4218
כֹ֣ה
Lemma
3541
Morphology
Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech
adverb
Strong's
H3541
Occurrences
554
אָֽמַר
Lemma
559
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H559
Occurrences
1301
יְ֠הוָה
Lemma
3068
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3068
Occurrences
5701
בּוֹרֵ֨א
Lemma
1254 a
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H1254
Occurrences
41
הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם
Lemma
d/8064
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H8064
Occurrences
246
ה֣וּא
Lemma
1931
Morphology
Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech
pronoun
Strong's
H1931
Occurrences
1188
הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים
Lemma
d/430
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H430
Occurrences
365
יֹצֵ֨ר
Lemma
3335
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3335
Occurrences
37
הָאָ֤רֶץ
Lemma
d/776
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H776
Occurrences
981
וְעֹשָׂהּ֙
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal participle active + suffix
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H6213
Occurrences
692
ה֣וּא
Lemma
1931
Morphology
Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech
pronoun
Strong's
H1931
Occurrences
1188
כֽוֹנְנָ֔הּ
Lemma
3559 a
Morphology
Hebrew: verb polel perfect 3rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H3559
Occurrences
155
לֹא
Lemma
3808
Morphology
Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H3808
Occurrences
3277
תֹ֥הוּ
Lemma
8414
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H8414
Occurrences
10
בְרָאָ֖הּ
Lemma
1254 a
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H1254
Occurrences
41
לָשֶׁ֣בֶת
Lemma
l/3427
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H3427
Occurrences
61
יְצָרָ֑הּ
Lemma
3335
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3335
Occurrences
37
אֲנִ֥י
Lemma
589
Morphology
Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech
pronoun
Strong's
H589
Occurrences
693
יְהוָ֖ה
Lemma
3068
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3068
Occurrences
5701
וְאֵ֥ין
Lemma
c/369
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + particle
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H369
Occurrences
265
עֽוֹד
Lemma
5750
Morphology
Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech
adverb
Strong's
H5750
Occurrences
432
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Οὕτως λέγει Κύριος ὁ ποιήσας τὸν οὐρανὸν, οὗτος ὁ Θεὸς ὁ καταδείξας τὴν γῆν, καὶ ποιήσας αὐτὴν, αὐτὸς διώρισεν αὐτὴν, οὐκ εἰς κενὸν ἐποίησεν αὐτὴν, ἀλλὰ κατοικεῖσθαι ἔπλασεν αὐτὴν, ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι.

36 word entries
Οὕτως
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
houtos
Morphology
adverb
Gloss
thus, so
Part of Speech
adverb
Definition
Thus, so, in this way.
Occurrences
776
λέγει
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
legei
Morphology
verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it says
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To say or speak.
Occurrences
5490
Κύριος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
kyrios
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
Lord, master
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences
7934
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ποιήσας
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
poiesas
Morphology
aorist active participle nominative masculine singular pattern, or 2nd singular verb depending on context
Gloss
having ...
Part of Speech
participle/verb form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
37
τὸν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
οὐρανὸν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
ouranon
Morphology
noun, masculine accusative singular
Gloss
heaven, sky
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Heaven, sky, or heavenly realm.
Strong's
G3772
Occurrences
474
οὗτος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
houtos
Morphology
demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
this one
Part of Speech
demonstrative pronoun
Definition
This, these.
Occurrences
3767
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
Θεὸς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
theos
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
God, god
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
God, deity, or divine being.
Strong's
G2316
Occurrences
3522
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
καταδείξας
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
katadeixas
Morphology
accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
3
τὴν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
γῆν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
γῆ
Transliteration
gen
Morphology
noun, feminine accusative singular
Gloss
earth, land
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Earth, ground, or land.
Strong's
G1093
Occurrences
2962
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ποιήσας
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
poiesas
Morphology
aorist active participle nominative masculine singular pattern, or 2nd singular verb depending on context
Gloss
having ...
Part of Speech
participle/verb form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
37
αὐτὴν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
αὐτὸς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
διώρισεν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
diorisen
Morphology
verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss
he/she ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
αὐτὴν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
οὐκ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
οὐ
Transliteration
ou
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Part of Speech
particle
Definition
Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences
5892
εἰς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
εἰς
Transliteration
eis
Morphology
preposition with accusative
Gloss
into, to, for
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences
6787
κενὸν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
kenon
Morphology
accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
13
ἐποίησεν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
epoiesen
Morphology
verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it made, did
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To make, do, perform, or produce.
Strong's
G4160
Occurrences
2253
αὐτὴν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
ἀλλὰ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
alla
Morphology
conjunction
Gloss
but, rather
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Adversative conjunction.
Occurrences
489
κατοικεῖσθαι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
katoikeisthai
Morphology
nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective/verb form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
6
ἔπλασεν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
eplasen
Morphology
verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss
he/she ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
6
αὐτὴν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
ἐγώ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐγώ
Transliteration
ego
Morphology
pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss
I
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences
11445
εἰμι
Status
Machine-aligned lexicon entry
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
Note
Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
Transliteration
en
Morphology
verb
Gloss
was
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To be or exist.
Strong's
G1510
Occurrences
262
Κύριος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
kyrios
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
Lord, master
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences
7934
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
οὐκ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
οὐ
Transliteration
ou
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Part of Speech
particle
Definition
Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences
5892
ἔστιν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
estin
Morphology
verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it is
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To be or exist.
Strong's
G1510
Occurrences
5427
ἔτι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἔτι
Transliteration
eti
Morphology
adverb
Gloss
still, yet, again
Part of Speech
adverb
Definition
Still, yet, further.
Occurrences
520
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܛܠ ܕܗܟܢܐ ܐܡ̇ܪ ܡܪܝܐ ܕܒܪܐ ܫܡܝܐ ܘܗܘܝܘ ܐܠܗܐ ܕܓܒܠ ܐܪܥܐ ܘܥܒܕܗ̇ ܘܗܘܝܘ ܬܩܢܗ̇ ܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܣܪܝܩܐܝܬ ܒܪܗ̇ ܐܠܐ ܕܬܬܒ ܒܗ̇ ܒܪܝܬܗ ܐܢܐ ܐܢܐ ܡܪܝܐ ܘܠܝܬ ܬܘܒ

26 word entries
ܡܛܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܡܛܠ
Transliteration
mtl
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
2606
ܕܗܟܢܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dhkn'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
83
ܐܡ̇ܪ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܐܡܪ
Transliteration
emar
Morphology
verb root/form
Gloss
said, spoke
Occurrences
1127
ܡܪܝܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Transliteration
maryah
Morphology
divine title, emphatic form
Gloss
Lord
Occurrences
2917
ܕܒܪܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dbr'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
27
ܫܡܝܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Transliteration
shmaya
Morphology
noun, plural/emphatic
Gloss
heavens, sky
Occurrences
200
ܘܗܘܝܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
whwyw
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
14
ܐܠܗܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Transliteration
alaha
Morphology
noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss
God
Occurrences
940
ܕܓܒܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dgbl
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
8
ܐܪܥܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Transliteration
ara
Morphology
noun, feminine emphatic singular
Gloss
earth, land
Occurrences
731
ܘܥܒܕܗ̇
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
w'bdh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
14
ܘܗܘܝܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
whwyw
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
14
ܬܩܢܗ̇
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
tqnh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
2
ܠܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܠܐ
Transliteration
la
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Occurrences
2566
ܗܘܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܗܘܐ
Transliteration
hwa
Morphology
verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss
was, became
Occurrences
1800
ܣܪܝܩܐܝܬ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
sryq'yt
Morphology
possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences
30
ܒܪܗ̇
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܒܪܗ
Transliteration
brh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
289
ܐܠܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܐܠܐ
Transliteration
'l'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
564
ܕܬܬܒ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dttb
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
2
ܒܗ̇
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܒܗ
Transliteration
bh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
571
ܒܪܝܬܗ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
bryth
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
5
ܐܢܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܐܢܐ
Transliteration
ena
Morphology
personal pronoun, first common singular
Gloss
I
Occurrences
1289
ܐܢܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܐܢܐ
Transliteration
ena
Morphology
personal pronoun, first common singular
Gloss
I
Occurrences
1289
ܡܪܝܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Transliteration
maryah
Morphology
divine title, emphatic form
Gloss
Lord
Occurrences
2917
ܘܠܝܬ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wlyt
Morphology
possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
221
ܬܘܒ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܬܘܒ
Transliteration
twb
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
291
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אֲרֵי כִדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ דִי בְרָא שְׁמַיָא הוּא אֱלֹהִים דְשַׁכְלִיל אַרְעָא וְעָבְדָהּ הוּא אַתְקְנָהּ לָא לְרֵיקָנוּ בְרָהּ אֱלָהֵין לְאַסְגָאָה עֲלָהּ בְּנֵי אֱנָשָׁא אַתְקְנָא אֲנָא יְיָ וְלֵית עוֹד׃

27 word entries
אֲרֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ארי
Transliteration
'ry
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
1969
כִדְנַן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
דנן
Transliteration
kdnn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
503
אֲמַר
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
אמר
Transliteration
'mr
Morphology
verbal root אמר, speech/action form
Gloss
said, spoke
Occurrences
3728
יְיָ
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Transliteration
yy
Morphology
divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss
the Lord
Occurrences
3908
דִי
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
די
Transliteration
dy
Morphology
relative/genitive particle
Gloss
of, that, which
Occurrences
1711
בְרָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ברא
Transliteration
br'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
141
שְׁמַיָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Transliteration
shmy'
Morphology
noun masculine plural emphatic
Gloss
heavens, sky
Occurrences
368
הוּא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
הוא
Transliteration
hw'
Morphology
personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss
he, it
Occurrences
992
אֱלֹהִים
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'lhym
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
353
דְשַׁכְלִיל
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
dshklyl
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
10
אַרְעָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
ארע
Transliteration
'r''
Morphology
noun feminine singular emphatic
Gloss
earth, land
Occurrences
1735
וְעָבְדָהּ
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
עבד
Transliteration
w'bdh
Morphology
verbal or nominal root עבד
Gloss
made, did, served
Occurrences
1208
הוּא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
הוא
Transliteration
hw'
Morphology
personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss
he, it
Occurrences
992
אַתְקְנָהּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'tqnh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
2
לָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
לא
Transliteration
l'
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Occurrences
2611
לְרֵיקָנוּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
lryqnw
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
9
בְרָהּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ברה
Transliteration
brh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
18
אֱלָהֵין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'lhyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
124
לְאַסְגָאָה
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
l'sg'h
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
4
עֲלָהּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
עלה
Transliteration
'lh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
188
בְּנֵי
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
בר
Transliteration
bny
Morphology
noun plural construct
Gloss
sons, children of
Occurrences
2734
אֱנָשָׁא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'nsh'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
203
אַתְקְנָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'tqn'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
7
אֲנָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
אנא
Transliteration
'n'
Morphology
personal pronoun first singular
Gloss
I
Occurrences
1108
יְיָ
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Transliteration
yy
Morphology
divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss
the Lord
Occurrences
3908
וְלֵית
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
לית
Transliteration
wlyt
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
629
עוֹד׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
עוד
Transliteration
'wd
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
289
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Quia hæc dicit Dominus creans cælos, ipse Deus formans terram et faciens eam, ipse plastes ejus; non in vanum creavit eam: ut habitaretur formavit eam: Ego Dominus, et non est alius.

31 word entries
quia
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
quia
Transliteration
quia
Morphology
GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences
2543
haec
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
hic
Transliteration
haec
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
4646
dicit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
dico
Transliteration
dicit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
6477
Dominus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
dominus
Transliteration
Dominus
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
8181
creans
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
creo
Transliteration
creans
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Gloss
created
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
to create, produce, bring forth
Etymology
Latin verb behind English create/creation.
Occurrences
88
caelos
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
caelus
Transliteration
caelos
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
35
ipse
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ipse
Transliteration
ipse
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
2134
Deus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
deus
Transliteration
Deus
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Gloss
God
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
God, deity
Etymology
Latin noun for God or a god.
Occurrences
4889
formans
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
formo
Transliteration
formans
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
34
terram
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
terra
Transliteration
terram
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Gloss
earth
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
earth, land, ground
Etymology
Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
Occurrences
3087
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
faciens
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
facio
Transliteration
faciens
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
4719
eam
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
is
Transliteration
eam
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
17810
ipse
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ipse
Transliteration
ipse
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
2134
plastes
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
plastes
Transliteration
plastes
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
2
eius
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
is
Transliteration
eius
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
17810
non
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
non
Transliteration
non
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
7320
in
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
in
Transliteration
in
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss
in
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
in, into, among, on
Etymology
Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences
22264
vanum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
uanus
Transliteration
vanum
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
56
creavit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
creo
Transliteration
creavit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Gloss
created
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
to create, produce, bring forth
Etymology
Latin verb behind English create/creation.
Occurrences
88
eam
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
is
Transliteration
eam
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
17810
ut
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ut
Transliteration
ut
Morphology
GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences
4533
habitetur
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
habito
Transliteration
habitetur
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
650
formavit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
formo
Transliteration
formavit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
34
eam
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
is
Transliteration
eam
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
17810
ego
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ego
Transliteration
ego
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
6108
Dominus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
dominus
Transliteration
Dominus
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
8181
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
non
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
non
Transliteration
non
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
7320
est
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
est
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
alius
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
alius
Transliteration
alius
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
577

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Psalms 115:16

The heavens are the Lord's; but the earth he has given to the children of men.

19 relevance votes

Jeremiah 10:12

He has made the earth by his power, he has made the world strong in its place by his wisdom, and by his wise design the heavens have been stretched out.

14 relevance votes

Isaiah 42:5

God the Lord, even he who made the heavens, measuring them out on high; stretching out the earth, and giving its produce; he who gives breath to the people on it, and life to those who go about on it, says:

12 relevance votes

Isaiah 45:12

I have made the earth, forming man on it: by my hands the heavens have been stretched out, and all the stars put in their ordered places.

11 relevance votes

Genesis 1:2

And the earth was waste and without form; and it was dark on the face of the deep: and the Spirit of God was moving on the face of the waters.

10 relevance votes

Genesis 1:26

And God said, Let us make man in our image, like us: and let him have rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the air and over the cattle and over all the earth and over every living thing which goes flat on the earth.

7 relevance votes

Genesis 9:1

And God gave his blessing to Noah and his sons, and said, Be fertile, and have increase, and make the earth full.

5 relevance votes

Genesis 1:28

And God gave them his blessing and said to them, Be fertile and have increase, and make the earth full and be masters of it; be rulers over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the air and over every living thing moving on the earth.

5 relevance votes

Jeremiah 51:15

He has made the earth by his power, he has made the world strong in its place by his wisdom, and by his wise design the heavens have been stretched out:

4 relevance votes
Chapter 45 of 66 Verse 18 of 25