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Bible in Basic English

Isaiah 45

Bible in Basic English, Verse 16

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¹⁶ All those who have gone against him will be put to shame; the makers of images will be made low.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 45:16. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 52

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

בּ֥וֹשׁוּ וְגַֽם־נִכְלְמ֖וּ כֻּלָּ֑ם יַחְדָּו֙ הָלְכ֣וּ בַכְּלִמָּ֔ה חָרָשֵׁ֖י צִירִֽים׃

9 word entries

בּ֥וֹשׁוּ

Lemma: 954
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H954
Occurrences: 97

וְגַֽם

Lemma: c/1571
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1571
Occurrences: 249

נִכְלְמ֖וּ

Lemma: 3637
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3637
Occurrences: 22

כֻּלָּ֑ם

Lemma: 3605
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3605
Occurrences: 3268

יַחְדָּו֙

Lemma: 3162 b
Morphology: Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech: adverb
Strong's: H3162
Occurrences: 95

הָלְכ֣וּ

Lemma: 1980
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1980
Occurrences: 372

בַכְּלִמָּ֔ה

Lemma: b/3639
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3639
Occurrences: 1

חָרָשֵׁ֖י

Lemma: 2796
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2796
Occurrences: 19

צִירִֽים

Lemma: 6736
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6736
Occurrences: 1

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Αἰσχυνθήσονται καὶ ἐντραπήσονται πάντες οἱ ἀντικείμενοι αὐτῷ, καὶ πορεύσονται ἐν αἰσχύνῃ· ἐγκαινίζεσθε πρὸς μὲ νῆσοι.

15 word entries

Αἰσχυνθήσονται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: αἰσχυνθήσονται
Transliteration: aischynthesontai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they will ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐντραπήσονται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐντραπήσονται
Transliteration: entrapesontai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they will ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

πάντες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πᾶς
Transliteration: pas
Morphology: adjective, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: all, every
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: All, every, whole.
Occurrences: 6138

οἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἀντικείμενοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀντικείμενοι
Transliteration: antikeimenoi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

αὐτῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

πορεύσονται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πορεύομαι
Transliteration: poreusontai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they will go
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To go, travel, journey, or walk.
Occurrences: 631

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

αἰσχύνῃ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: αἰσχύνῃ
Transliteration: aischyne
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

ἐγκαινίζεσθε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐγκαινίζεσθε
Transliteration: egkainizesthe
Morphology: verb, middle/passive imperative or indicative, 2nd plural pattern
Gloss: you all ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

πρὸς

Status: Machine-aligned lexicon entry
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
Note: Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
Lemma: πρὸς
Transliteration: pros
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with/toward
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: with/toward
Strong's: G4314
Occurrences: 3989

μὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

νῆσοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: νῆσοι
Transliteration: nesoi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܒܗܬܘ ܘܐܚܦܪܘ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܐܟܚܕܐ ܕܡܗܠܟܝܢ ܒܚܦܪܐ ܘܓܠ̇ܦܝܢ ܦܬܟܪ̈ܐ

8 word entries

ܒܗܬܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܗܬܘ
Transliteration: bhtw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 17

ܘܐܚܦܪܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܚܦܪܘ
Transliteration: w'hprw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

ܟܠܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܠܗܘܢ
Transliteration: klhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 719

ܐܟܚܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܟܚܕܐ
Transliteration: 'khd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 148

ܕܡܗܠܟܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܗܠܟܝܢ
Transliteration: dmhlkyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 15

ܒܚܦܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܚܦܪܐ
Transliteration: bhpr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 1

ܘܓܠ̇ܦܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܓܠܦܝܢ
Transliteration: wglpyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

ܦܬܟܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܬܟܪܐ
Transliteration: ptkr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 37

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

בְּהִיתוּ וְאַף אִתְכַּנִעוּ כּוּלְהוֹן כַּחֲדָא הֲלִיכוּ בְּאִתְכַּנְעוּ פָּלְחֵי צַלְמַיָא׃

9 word entries

בְּהִיתוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: היתו
Transliteration: bhytw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 19

וְאַף

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ואף
Transliteration: w'p
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 197

אִתְכַּנִעוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתכנעו
Transliteration: 'tkn'w
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 14

כּוּלְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ולהון
Transliteration: kwlhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 156

כַּחֲדָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חדא
Transliteration: kchd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 562

הֲלִיכוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הליכו
Transliteration: hlykw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 42

בְּאִתְכַּנְעוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתכנעו
Transliteration: b'tkn'w
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 14

פָּלְחֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פלחי
Transliteration: plchy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 65

צַלְמַיָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צלמיא
Transliteration: tslmy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 8

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Confusi sunt, et erubuerunt omnes: simul abierunt in confusionem fabricatores errorum.

11 word entries

confusi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: confundo
Transliteration: confusi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 169

sunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: sunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

erubuerunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: erubesco
Transliteration: erubuerunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 48

omnes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: omnis
Transliteration: omnes
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5506

simul

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: simul
Transliteration: simul
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 224

abierunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: abeo
Transliteration: abierunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 404

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

confusione

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: confusio
Transliteration: confusione
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 78

fabricatores

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fabricator
Transliteration: fabricatores
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 3

errorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: error
Transliteration: errorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 43

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Isaiah 45

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Ranked cross references

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