Esther
Chapter 1
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Verse 13
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Bible in Basic English

Esther 1

Bible in Basic English, Verse 13

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13 And the king said to the wise men, who had knowledge of the times, (for this was the king's way with all who were expert in law and in the giving of decisions:

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Esther 1:13. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 4
Word Entries 76
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לַחֲכָמִ֖ים יֹדְעֵ֣י הָֽעִתִּ֑ים כִּי־כֵן֙ דְּבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לִפְנֵ֕י כָּל־יֹדְעֵ֖י דָּ֥ת וָדִֽין׃

14 word entries
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר
Lemma
c/559
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H559
Occurrences
3026
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ
Lemma
d/4428
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H4428
Occurrences
1083
לַחֲכָמִ֖ים
Lemma
l/2450
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + adjective
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H2450
Occurrences
12
יֹדְעֵ֣י
Lemma
3045
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H3045
Occurrences
637
הָֽעִתִּ֑ים
Lemma
d/6256
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common both gender plural absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H6256
Occurrences
8
כִּי
Lemma
3588 a
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H3588
Occurrences
4218
כֵן֙
Lemma
3651 c
Morphology
Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H3651
Occurrences
502
דְּבַ֣ר
Lemma
1697
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H1697
Occurrences
866
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ
Lemma
d/4428
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H4428
Occurrences
1083
לִפְנֵ֕י
Lemma
l/6440
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender plural construct
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H6440
Occurrences
1012
כָּל
Lemma
3605
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3605
Occurrences
3268
יֹדְעֵ֖י
Lemma
3045
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H3045
Occurrences
637
דָּ֥ת
Lemma
1881
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H1881
Occurrences
8
וָדִֽין
Lemma
c/1779
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H1779
Occurrences
3
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܐܡ̣ܪ ܡ̇ܠܟܐ ܠܚܟܝ̈ܡܐ ܝܕ̈ܥܝ ܙܒ̈ܢܐ. ܡܛܠ ܕܗܟܢܐ ܗ̣ܘܐ ܢܡܘܣܗ ܕܡ̇ܠܟܐ. ܐܡ̣ܪ ܗܘܐ ܩܕܡ ܟܠ ܕܝ̇ܕܥܝܢ ܢܡܘ̈ܣܐ ܘܕ̈ܝ̣ܢܐ.

17 word entries
ܘܐܡ̣ܪ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
w'mr
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
1697
ܡ̇ܠܟܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Transliteration
malka
Morphology
noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss
king
Occurrences
1870
ܠܚܟܝ̈ܡܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lhkym'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
13
ܝܕ̈ܥܝ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
yd'y
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
7
ܙܒ̈ܢܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
zbn'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
147
ܡܛܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܡܛܠ
Transliteration
mtl
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
2606
ܕܗܟܢܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dhkn'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
83
ܗ̣ܘܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܗܘܐ
Transliteration
hwa
Morphology
verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss
was, became
Occurrences
1800
ܢܡܘܣܗ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
nmwsh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
22
ܕܡ̇ܠܟܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dmlk'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
458
ܐܡ̣ܪ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܐܡܪ
Transliteration
emar
Morphology
verb root/form
Gloss
said, spoke
Occurrences
1127
ܗܘܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܗܘܐ
Transliteration
hwa
Morphology
verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss
was, became
Occurrences
1800
ܩܕܡ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܩܕܡ
Transliteration
qdm
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
1019
ܟܠ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܟܠ
Transliteration
kul
Morphology
quantifier/adjective
Gloss
all, every
Occurrences
569
ܕܝ̇ܕܥܝܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dyd'yn
Morphology
possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
19
ܢܡܘ̈ܣܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
nmws'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
152
ܘܕ̈ܝ̣ܢܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wdyn'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
56
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא לְחַכִּימַיָא בְּנוֹי דְיִשָׂשׂכָר דְחַכִּימִין מַנְדְעָא בְּעִידָנַיָא וְזִמְנַיָא בְּסֵפֶר אוֹרַיְיתָא וְחוּשְׁבָּן עַלְמָא אֲרוּם הֵיכְדֵין יָאָה לְמֶהֱוֵי מִתְמַלֵל פִּתְגָם מַלְכָּא קֳדָם כָּל חַכִּים וְיָדְעֵי אוֹרַיְיתָא וְדִינָא׃

26 word entries
וַאֲמַר
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
אמר
Transliteration
w'mr
Morphology
prefixed conjunction ו + verbal root אמר, speech/action form
Gloss
and said, spoke
Occurrences
3728
מַלְכָּא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
מלך
Transliteration
mlk'
Morphology
prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss
from king
Occurrences
2509
לְחַכִּימַיָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
lchkymy'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
37
בְּנוֹי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
נוי
Transliteration
bnwy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
101
דְיִשָׂשׂכָר
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
dyshshkr
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
27
דְחַכִּימִין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
dchkymyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
18
מַנְדְעָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
mnd''
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
19
בְּעִידָנַיָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
b'ydny'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
1
וְזִמְנַיָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wzmny'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
5
בְּסֵפֶר
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ספר
Transliteration
bspr
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
94
אוֹרַיְיתָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'wryyt'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
19
וְחוּשְׁבָּן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wchwshbn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
5
עַלְמָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'lm'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
549
אֲרוּם
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'rwm
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
997
הֵיכְדֵין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
hykdyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
22
יָאָה
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
יאה
Transliteration
y'h
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
3
לְמֶהֱוֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
lmhwy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
206
מִתְמַלֵל
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
mtmll
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
8
פִּתְגָם
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
ptgm
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
245
מַלְכָּא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
מלך
Transliteration
mlk'
Morphology
prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss
from king
Occurrences
2509
קֳדָם
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
קדם
Transliteration
qdm
Morphology
prepositional or nominal form
Gloss
before, in front of, east
Occurrences
2023
כָּל
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
כל
Transliteration
kl
Morphology
collective noun/adjective
Gloss
all, every
Occurrences
2135
חַכִּים
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
chkym
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
42
וְיָדְעֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wyd'y
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
10
אוֹרַיְיתָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'wryyt'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
19
וְדִינָא׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wdyn'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
66
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

interrogavit sapientes, qui ex more regio semper ei aderant, et illorum faciebat cuncta consilio, scientium leges, ac jura majorum

19 word entries
interrogavit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
interrogavit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
200
sapientes
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sapiens
Transliteration
sapientes
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
208
qui
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
qui
Transliteration
qui
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
15011
ex
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ex
Transliteration
ex
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
1715
more
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
mos
Transliteration
more
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
43
regio
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
regius
Transliteration
regio
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
22
semper
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
semper
Transliteration
semper
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
180
ei
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
is
Transliteration
ei
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
17810
aderant
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
assum
Transliteration
aderant
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
57
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
illorum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ille
Transliteration
illorum
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
4947
faciebat
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
facio
Transliteration
faciebat
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
4719
cuncta
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
cunctus
Transliteration
cuncta
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
586
consilio
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
consilio
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
232
scientium
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sciens
Transliteration
scientium
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
6
leges
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
lex
Transliteration
leges
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
596
ac
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ac
Transliteration
ac
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences
184
iura
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ius
Transliteration
iura
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
33
maiorum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
maiores
Transliteration
maiorum
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
6
Source availability notes

These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.

  • Greek LXX alternate tradition

    The current Greek Brenton source archive does not expose this as the same canonical book. Related Greek Esther/Ezra traditions are tracked under separate or alternate structures where available.

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

1 Chronicles 12:32

And of the children of Issachar, there were two hundred chiefs, men who had expert knowledge of the times and what it was best for Israel to do, and all their brothers were under their orders.

6 relevance votes

Daniel 2:2

Then the king gave orders that the wonder-workers, and the users of secret arts, and those who made use of evil powers, and the Chaldaeans, were to be sent for to make clear to the king his dreams. So they came and took their places before the king.

4 relevance votes

Jeremiah 10:7

Who would not have fear of you, O King of the nations? for it is your right: for among all the wise men of the nations, and in all their kingdoms, there is no one like you.

4 relevance votes

Matthew 16:3

And in the morning, The weather will be bad today, for the sky is red and angry. You are able to see the face of heaven, but not the signs of the times.

3 relevance votes

Daniel 2:12

Because of this the king was angry and full of wrath, and gave orders for the destruction of all the wise men of Babylon.

3 relevance votes

Daniel 5:7

The king, crying out with a loud voice, said that the users of secret arts, the Chaldaeans, and the readers of signs, were to be sent for. The king made answer and said to the wise men of Babylon, Whoever is able to make out this writing, and make clear to me the sense of it, will be clothed in purple and have a chain of gold round his neck, and will be a ruler of high authority in the kingdom.

3 relevance votes

Matthew 2:1

Now when the birth of Jesus took place in Beth-lehem of Judaea, in the days of Herod the king, there came wise men from the east to Jerusalem,

2 relevance votes

Daniel 2:27

Then Daniel said in answer to the king, No wise men, or users of secret arts, or wonder-workers, or readers of signs, are able to make clear to the king the secret he is searching for;

1 relevance votes
Chapter 1 of 10 Verse 13 of 22