12 But when the servants gave her the king's order, Vashti the queen said she would not come: then the king was very angry, and his heart was burning with wrath.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Esther 1:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
66
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וַתְּמָאֵ֞ן הַמַּלְכָּ֣ה וַשְׁתִּ֗י לָבוֹא֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּיַ֣ד הַסָּרִיסִ֑ים וַיִּקְצֹ֤ף הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַחֲמָת֖וֹ בָּעֲרָ֥ה בֽוֹ׃
15 word entries
וַתְּמָאֵ֞ן
הַמַּלְכָּ֣ה
לָבוֹא֙
בִּדְבַ֣ר
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ
אֲשֶׁ֖ר
בְּיַ֣ד
הַסָּרִיסִ֑ים
וַיִּקְצֹ֤ף
הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙
וַחֲמָת֖וֹ
בָּעֲרָ֥ה
בֽוֹ
- Lemma
- b
- Morphology
- Hebrew: preposition + suffix
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Occurrences
- 1362
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܠܐ ܨܒܬ̣ ܘܫܬܝ ܡ̇ܠܟܬܐ ܠܡܥܠ܇ ܒܦܬܓܡܐ ܕܫ̇ܕܪ ܥܠܝܗ̇ ܒܐܝ̣ܕܐ ܕܡܗܝ̈ܡܢܐ. ܘܪܓ̣ܙ ܡ̇ܠܟܐ ܛܒ. ܘܚܡܬܗ ܡܬܓܘܙܠܐ ܗܘܬ.
16 word entries
ܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1993
ܨܒܬ̣
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܨܒܬ
- Transliteration
- sbt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 4
ܘܫܬܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܬܝ
- Transliteration
- wshty
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 6
ܡ̇ܠܟܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܟܬܐ
- Transliteration
- mlkt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 21
ܠܡܥܠ܇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܥܠ
- Transliteration
- lm'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 26
ܒܦܬܓܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܦܬܓܡܐ
- Transliteration
- bptgm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 9
ܕܫ̇ܕܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܫܕܪ
- Transliteration
- dshdr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 21
ܥܠܝܗ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠܝܗ
- Transliteration
- 'lyh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 124
ܒܐܝ̣ܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܐܝܕܐ
- Transliteration
- b'yd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 121
ܕܡܗܝ̈ܡܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܗܝܡܢܐ
- Transliteration
- dmhymn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܪܓ̣ܙ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܪܓܙ
- Transliteration
- wrgz
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 13
ܡ̇ܠܟܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܟܐ
- Transliteration
- malka
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- king
- Occurrences
- 1870
ܛܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܛܒ
- Transliteration
- tb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 279
ܘܚܡܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܡܬܗ
- Transliteration
- whmth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4
ܡܬܓܘܙܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܬܓܘܙܠܐ
- Transliteration
- mtgwzl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 5
ܗܘܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܬ
- Transliteration
- hwt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 315
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וְסָרִיבַת מַלְכְּתָא וַשְׁתִּי לְמֵיעַל בִּגְזֵרַת מֵימַר מַלְכָּא דְאִתְפַּקְדַת בְּיַד רַבְרְבָנַיָא וּרְגִיז מַלְכָּא לַחֲדָא וְחַמְתֵיהּ רַתְחַת בֵּיהּ׃
16 word entries
וְסָרִיבַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סריבת
- Transliteration
- wsrybt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 6
מַלְכְּתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לכתא
- Transliteration
- mlkt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 34
וַשְׁתִּי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שתי
- Transliteration
- wshty
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 44
לְמֵיעַל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מיעל
- Transliteration
- lmy'l
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 55
בִּגְזֵרַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גזרת
- Transliteration
- bgzrt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 11
מֵימַר
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- אמר
- Transliteration
- mymr
- Morphology
- prefixed preposition מ + speech root/form
- Gloss
- from to say, saying
- Occurrences
- 3728
מַלְכָּא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מלך
- Transliteration
- mlk'
- Morphology
- prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- from king
- Occurrences
- 2509
דְאִתְפַּקְדַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתפקדת
- Transliteration
- d'tpqdt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 2
בְּיַד
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ביד
- Transliteration
- byd
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 191
רַבְרְבָנַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רברבניא
- Transliteration
- rbrbny'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 17
וּרְגִיז
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רגיז
- Transliteration
- wrgyz
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 17
מַלְכָּא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מלך
- Transliteration
- mlk'
- Morphology
- prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- from king
- Occurrences
- 2509
לַחֲדָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חדא
- Transliteration
- lchd'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 562
וְחַמְתֵיהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חמתיה
- Transliteration
- wchmtyh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5
רַתְחַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רתחת
- Transliteration
- rtcht
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
בֵּיהּ׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ביה
- Transliteration
- byh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 359
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Quæ renuit, et ad regis imperium quod per eunuchos mandaverat, venire contempsit. Unde iratus rex, et nimio furore succensus,
19 word entries
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
rennuit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rennuo
- Transliteration
- rennuit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 10
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
regis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rex
- Transliteration
- regis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2981
imperium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- imperium
- Transliteration
- imperium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 78
quod
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quod
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
per
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- per
- Transliteration
- per
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1915
eunuchos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- eunuchus
- Transliteration
- eunuchos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 52
mandaverat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mando
- Transliteration
- mandaverat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 118
venire
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uenio
- Transliteration
- venire
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 2233
contempsit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- contemno
- Transliteration
- contempsit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 67
unde
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- unde
- Transliteration
- unde
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 151
iratus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iratus
- Transliteration
- iratus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 26
rex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rex
- Transliteration
- rex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2981
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
nimio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nimius
- Transliteration
- nimio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 30
furore
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- furor
- Transliteration
- furore
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 233
succensus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- succendo
- Transliteration
- succensus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 118
These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.
-
Greek LXX
alternate tradition
The current Greek Brenton source archive does not expose this as the same canonical book. Related Greek Esther/Ezra traditions are tracked under separate or alternate structures where available.
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Proverbs 19:12
The king's wrath is like the loud cry of a lion, but his approval is like dew on the grass.
6 relevance votes1 Peter 3:1
Wives, be ruled by your husbands; so that even if some of them give no attention to the word, their hearts may be changed by the behaviour of their wives,
3 relevance votesProverbs 20:2
The wrath of a king is like the loud cry of a lion: he who makes him angry does wrong against himself.
3 relevance votesExodus 32:22
And Aaron said, Let not my lord be angry; you have seen how the purposes of this people are evil.
2 relevance votesEphesians 5:24
And as the church is under Christ's authority, so let wives be under the rule of their husbands in all things.
2 relevance votesPsalms 79:5
How long, O Lord? will you be angry for ever? will your wrath go on burning like fire?
2 relevance votesNahum 1:6
Who may keep his place before his wrath? and who may undergo the heat of his passion? his wrath is let loose like fire and the rocks are broken open by him.
2 relevance votesDeuteronomy 29:20
The Lord will have no mercy on him, but the wrath of the Lord will be burning against that man, and all the curses recorded in this book will be waiting for him, and the Lord will take away his name completely from the earth.
2 relevance votesDaniel 2:12
Because of this the king was angry and full of wrath, and gave orders for the destruction of all the wise men of Babylon.
2 relevance votesExodus 32:19
And when he came near the tents he saw the image of the ox, and the people dancing; and in his wrath Moses let the stones go from his hands, and they were broken at the foot of the mountain.
2 relevance votesDaniel 3:13
Then Nebuchadnezzar in his wrath and passion gave orders for Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego to be sent for. Then they made these men come in before the king.
2 relevance votesEphesians 5:22
Wives, be under the authority of your husbands, as of the Lord.
2 relevance votes