18 But Samuel did the work of the Lord's house, while he was a child, dressed in a linen ephod.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Samuel 2:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
47
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וּשְׁמוּאֵ֕ל מְשָׁרֵ֖ת אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה נַ֕עַר חָג֖וּר אֵפ֥וֹד בָּֽד׃
9 word entries
וּשְׁמוּאֵ֕ל
מְשָׁרֵ֖ת
פְּנֵ֣י
נַ֕עַר
חָג֖וּר
אֵפ֥וֹד
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ Σαμουὴλ ἦν λειτουργῶν ἐνώπιον Κυρίου, παιδάριον περιεζωσμένον ἐφοὺδ βάδ·
10 word entries
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
Σαμουὴλ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Σαμουήλ
- Transliteration
- Samouel
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Samuel
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Samuel.
- Occurrences
- 145
ἦν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰμί
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- verb, imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it was
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To be or exist.
- Strong's
- G1510
- Occurrences
- 5427
λειτουργῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- λειτουργῶν
- Transliteration
- leitoyrgon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 8
ἐνώπιον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐνώπιον
- Transliteration
- enopion
- Morphology
- preposition/adverb
- Gloss
- before, in the presence of
- Part of Speech
- preposition/adverb
- Definition
- Before or in the presence of.
- Occurrences
- 516
Κυρίου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- κύριος
- Transliteration
- kyrios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- Lord, master
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
- Occurrences
- 7934
παιδάριον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- παιδάριον
- Transliteration
- paidarion
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- child, young servant
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Child, youth, or young servant.
- Occurrences
- 99
περιεζωσμένον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- περιεζωσμένον
- Transliteration
- periezosmenon
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἐφοὺδ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐφοὺδ
- Transliteration
- ephoyd
- Morphology
- rare LXX source token; morphology and lexical role require manual review
- Gloss
- rare source form
- Part of Speech
- rare Greek/source form
- Definition
- Final low-confidence LXX tail classification for a rare Greek, elided, numeral, or transliterated source token. Exact lexical identity and morphology require manual review.
- Occurrences
- 4
βάδ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- βάδ
- Transliteration
- bad
- Morphology
- rare LXX source token; morphology and lexical role require manual review
- Gloss
- rare source form
- Part of Speech
- rare Greek/source form
- Definition
- Final low-confidence LXX tail classification for a rare Greek, elided, numeral, or transliterated source token. Exact lexical identity and morphology require manual review.
- Occurrences
- 1
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܫܡܘܐܝܠ ܛܠܝܐ ܡܫܡܫ ܗܘܐ ܩܕܡ ܡܪܝܐ ܘܠܒܝܫ ܗܘܐ ܦܕܬܐ ܕܒܘܨܐ
10 word entries
ܘܫܡܘܐܝܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܡܘܐܝܠ
- Transliteration
- wshmw'yl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 16
ܛܠܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܛܠܝܐ
- Transliteration
- tly'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 89
ܡܫܡܫ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܫܡܫ
- Transliteration
- mshmsh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1800
ܩܕܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܕܡ
- Transliteration
- qdm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1019
ܡܪܝܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܪܝܐ
- Transliteration
- maryah
- Morphology
- divine title, emphatic form
- Gloss
- Lord
- Occurrences
- 2917
ܘܠܒܝܫ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܒܝܫ
- Transliteration
- wlbysh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1800
ܦܕܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܕܬܐ
- Transliteration
- pdt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 11
ܕܒܘܨܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܘܨܐ
- Transliteration
- dbws'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 9
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וּשְׁמוּאֵל מְשַׁמֵשׁ קֳדָם יְיָ עוּלֵימָא אֲסִיר כַּרְדוּט דְבוּץ׃
8 word entries
וּשְׁמוּאֵל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שמואל
- Transliteration
- wshmw'l
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 144
מְשַׁמֵשׁ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שמש
- Transliteration
- mshmsh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 53
קֳדָם
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- קדם
- Transliteration
- qdm
- Morphology
- prepositional or nominal form
- Gloss
- before, in front of, east
- Occurrences
- 2023
יְיָ
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- יהוה
- Transliteration
- yy
- Morphology
- divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
- Gloss
- the Lord
- Occurrences
- 3908
עוּלֵימָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עולימא
- Transliteration
- 'wlym'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 59
אֲסִיר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אסיר
- Transliteration
- 'syr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 10
כַּרְדוּט
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רדוט
- Transliteration
- krdwt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
דְבוּץ׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בוץ
- Transliteration
- dbwts
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 16
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Samuel autem ministrabat ante faciem Domini, puer accinctus ephod lineo.
10 word entries
Samuhel
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Samuel
- Transliteration
- Samuhel
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 145
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
ministrabat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ministro
- Transliteration
- ministrabat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 113
ante
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ante
- Transliteration
- ante
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 594
faciem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facies
- Transliteration
- faciem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 793
Domini
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dominus
- Transliteration
- Domini
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8181
puer
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- puer
- Transliteration
- puer
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 312
accinctus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- accingo
- Transliteration
- accinctus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 57
ephod
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ephod
- Transliteration
- ephod
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: other
- Occurrences
- 19
lineo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lineus
- Transliteration
- lineo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 17
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Exodus 28:4
This is what they are to make: a priest's bag, an ephod, and a robe, and a coat of coloured needlework, a head-dress, and a linen band; they are to make holy robes for Aaron your brother and for his sons, so that they may do the work of priests for me.
6 relevance votes1 Samuel 3:1
Now the young Samuel was the servant of the Lord before Eli. In those days the Lord kept his word secret from men; there was no open vision.
6 relevance votes1 Samuel 2:11
Then Elkanah went to Ramah to his house. And the child became the servant of the Lord under the direction of Eli the priest.
5 relevance votes2 Samuel 6:14
And David, clothed in a linen ephod, was dancing before the Lord with all his strength.
4 relevance votes1 Samuel 22:18
Then the king said to Doeg, You are to put the priests to death. And Doeg the Edomite, turning on the priests and attacking them, put to death that day eighty-five men who took up the ephod.
3 relevance votes1 Chronicles 15:27
And David was clothed with a robe of fair linen, as were all the Levites who took up the ark, and those who made melody, and Chenaniah the master of those who made melody; and David had on a linen ephod;
2 relevance votes1 Samuel 2:28
Did I take him out of all the tribes of Israel to be my priest and to go up to my altar to make the smoke of the offerings go up and to take up the ephod? Did I give to your father's family all the offerings made by fire by the children of Israel?
2 relevance votesLeviticus 8:7
He put the coat on him, making it tight with its band, and then the robe, and over it the ephod, with its band of needlework to keep it in place.
2 relevance votes
Chapter 2 · 2 of 31 available
Verse 18 of 36