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American Standard Version

Proverbs 12

American Standard Version, Verse 1

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¹ Whoso loveth correction loveth knowledge; But he that hateth reproof is brutish.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 12:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 45

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

אֹהֵ֣ב מ֭וּסָר אֹ֣הֵֽב דָּ֑עַת וְשֹׂנֵ֖א תוֹכַ֣חַת בָּֽעַר׃

7 word entries

אֹהֵ֣ב

Lemma: 157
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H157
Occurrences: 143

מ֭וּסָר

Lemma: 4148
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4148
Occurrences: 42

אֹ֣הֵֽב

Lemma: 157
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H157
Occurrences: 143

דָּ֑עַת

Lemma: 1847
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1847
Occurrences: 52

וְשֹׂנֵ֖א

Lemma: c/8130
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8130
Occurrences: 20

תוֹכַ֣חַת

Lemma: 8433 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8433
Occurrences: 15

בָּֽעַר

Lemma: 1198
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H1198
Occurrences: 4

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὁ ἀγαπῶν παιδείαν, ἀγαπᾷ αἴσθησιν· ὁ δὲ μισῶν ἐλέγχους, ἄφρων.

10 word entries

Ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἀγαπῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἀγαπῶν
Transliteration: agapon
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἀγαπῶν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

παιδείαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: παιδεία
Transliteration: paideian
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative singular
Gloss: instruction, discipline
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Instruction, training, discipline, or correction.
Occurrences: 71

ἀγαπᾷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἀγαπᾷ
Transliteration: agap
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἀγαπᾷ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 24

αἴσθησιν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: αἴσθησιν
Transliteration: aisthesin
Morphology: dative plural noun pattern or 3rd plural verb ending depending on context
Gloss: to/for ... / they ...
Part of Speech: noun/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

μισῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μισῶν
Transliteration: mison
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 15

ἐλέγχους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐλέγχους
Transliteration: elegchoys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

ἄφρων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἄφρων
Transliteration: aphron
Morphology: adjective/substantive, nominative masculine/feminine singular
Gloss: foolish, fool
Part of Speech: adjective/substantive
Definition: Foolish, senseless, or a fool.
Occurrences: 50

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܕܪܚܡ ܡܪܕܘܬܐ ܪܚܡ ܝܕܥܬܐ ܘܕܣܢܐ ܡܟܣܢܘܬܐ ܣܟܠܐ ܗܘ

8 word entries

ܕܪܚܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܪܚܡ
Transliteration: drhm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 17

ܡܪܕܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܪܕܘܬܐ
Transliteration: mrdwt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 25

ܪܚܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܚܡ
Transliteration: rhm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 38

ܝܕܥܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܕܥܬܐ
Transliteration: yd't'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 38

ܘܕܣܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܣܢܐ
Transliteration: wdsn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 5

ܡܟܣܢܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܟܣܢܘܬܐ
Transliteration: mksnwt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 16

ܣܟܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܟܠܐ
Transliteration: skl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 46

ܗܘ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘ
Transliteration: hu
Morphology: pronoun/copula, masculine singular
Gloss: he, it, is
Occurrences: 2003

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

מַן דְרָחֵים מַרְדוּתָא רָחֵם יְדִיעֲתָא וְסָנֵי מַכְסָנוּתָא בּוּרָא הוּא׃

9 word entries

מַן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

דְרָחֵים

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רחים
Transliteration: drchym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 27

מַרְדוּתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רדותא
Transliteration: mrdwt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 24

רָחֵם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רחם
Transliteration: rchm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 29

יְדִיעֲתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידיעתא
Transliteration: ydy't'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 32

וְסָנֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סני
Transliteration: wsny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 16

מַכְסָנוּתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כסנותא
Transliteration: mksnwt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 11

בּוּרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ורא
Transliteration: bwr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 13

הוּא׃

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוא
Transliteration: hw'
Morphology: personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss: he, it
Occurrences: 992

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

[Qui diligit disciplinam diligit scientiam; qui autem odit increpationes insipiens est.

11 word entries

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

diligit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: diligo
Transliteration: diligit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 338

disciplinam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: disciplina
Transliteration: disciplinam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 94

diligit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: diligo
Transliteration: diligit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 338

scientiam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: scientia
Transliteration: scientiam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 140

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

odit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: odi
Transliteration: odit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 150

increpationes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: increpatio
Transliteration: increpationes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 27

insipiens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: insipiens
Transliteration: insipiens
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 53

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Proverbs 12

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

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Proverbs 18:1

Proverbs 8:17

Psalms 32:9

Psalms 92:6

2 Thessalonians 2:10

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Psalms 119:27