14 Both to Greeks and to foreigners, both to wise and to thoughtless, I am a debtor,
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 1:14. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
36
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ἕλλησί τε καὶ βαρβάροις, σοφοῖς τε καὶ ἀνοήτοις ὀφειλέτης εἰμί·
10 word entries
Ἕλλησί
τε
καὶ
βαρβάροις
σοφοῖς
τε
καὶ
ἀνοήτοις
ὀφειλέτης
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Ἕλλησίν τε καὶ βαρβάροις, σοφοῖς τε καὶ ἀνοήτοις ὀφειλέτης εἰμί·
10 word entries
καὶ
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܝܘܢܝܐ ܘܒܪܒܪܝܐ ܚܟܝܡܐ ܘܣܟܠܐ ܕܠܟܠܢܫ ܚܝܒ ܐܢܐ ܕܐܟܪܙ
8 word entries
ܝܘܢܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܘܢܝܐ
- Transliteration
- ywny'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 7
ܘܒܪܒܪܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܪܒܪܝܐ
- Transliteration
- wbrbry'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܚܟܝܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܟܝܡܐ
- Transliteration
- hkym'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 18
ܘܣܟܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܣܟܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wskl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܠܟܠܢܫ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܟܠܢܫ
- Transliteration
- dlklnsh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܚܝܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܝܒ
- Transliteration
- hyb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 16
ܐܢܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܐ
- Transliteration
- ena
- Morphology
- personal pronoun, first common singular
- Gloss
- I
- Occurrences
- 1361
ܕܐܟܪܙ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܟܪܙ
- Transliteration
- d'krz
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 3
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Græcis ac barbaris, sapientibus, et insipientibus debitor sum:
8 word entries
Graecis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Graecus
- Transliteration
- Graecis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 6
ac
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- atque
- Transliteration
- ac
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 755
barbaris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- barbarus
- Transliteration
- barbaris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 9
sapientibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sapiens
- Transliteration
- sapientibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 208
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
insipientibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- insipiens
- Transliteration
- insipientibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 53
debitor
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- debitor
- Transliteration
- debitor
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 10
sum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Colossians 3:11
where there is not Greek and Jew, circumcision and uncircumcision, foreigner, Scythian, servant, freeman — but the all and in all — Christ.
7 relevance votesActs 9:15
And the Lord said unto him, 'Be going on, because a choice vessel to Me is this one, to bear My name before nations and kings — the sons also of Israel;
7 relevance votesActs 22:21
and he said unto me, Go, because to nations far off I will send thee.'
6 relevance votesRomans 12:16
of the same mind one toward another, not minding the high things, but with the lowly going along; become not wise in your own conceit;
4 relevance votesRomans 1:22
professing to be wise, they were made fools,
3 relevance votesIsaiah 35:8
And a highway hath been there, and a way, And the 'way of holiness' is called to it, Not pass over it doth the unclean, And He Himself [is] by them, Whoso is going in the way — even fools err not.
3 relevance votes2 Corinthians 11:19
for gladly do ye bear with the fools — being wise,
3 relevance votesRomans 16:19
for your obedience did reach to all; I rejoice, therefore, as regards you, and I wish you to be wise, indeed, as to the good, and harmless as to the evil;
3 relevance votesRomans 8:12
So, then, brethren, we are debtors, not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh;
3 relevance votesRomans 13:8
To no one owe anything, except to love one another; for he who is loving the other — law he hath fulfilled,
3 relevance votes1 Corinthians 14:16
since, if thou mayest bless with the spirit, he who is filling the place of the unlearned, how shall he say the Amen at thy giving of thanks, since what thou dost say he hath not known?
2 relevance votes1 Corinthians 3:18
Let no one deceive himself; if any one doth seem to be wise among you in this age — let him become a fool, that he may become wise,
2 relevance votes