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Young's Literal Translation

Genesis 32

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 16

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¹⁶ and he giveth into the hand of his servants, every drove by itself, and saith unto his servants, 'Pass over before me, and a space ye do put between drove and drove.'

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 32:16. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 74

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

גְּמַלִּ֧ים מֵינִיק֛וֹת וּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם שְׁלֹשִׁ֑ים פָּר֤וֹת אַרְבָּעִים֙ וּפָרִ֣ים עֲשָׂרָ֔ה אֲתֹנֹ֣ת עֶשְׂרִ֔ים וַעְיָרִ֖ם עֲשָׂרָֽה׃

12 word entries

גְּמַלִּ֧ים

Lemma: 1581
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1581
Occurrences: 20

מֵינִיק֛וֹת

Lemma: 3243
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil participle active
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3243
Occurrences: 20

וּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם

Lemma: c/1121 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1121
Occurrences: 358

שְׁלֹשִׁ֑ים

Lemma: 7970
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H7970
Occurrences: 108

פָּר֤וֹת

Lemma: 6510
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6510
Occurrences: 11

אַרְבָּעִים֙

Lemma: 705
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H705
Occurrences: 93

וּפָרִ֣ים

Lemma: c/6499
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6499
Occurrences: 7

עֲשָׂרָ֔ה

Lemma: 6235
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H6235
Occurrences: 141

אֲתֹנֹ֣ת

Lemma: 860
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H860
Occurrences: 11

עֶשְׂרִ֔ים

Lemma: 6242
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H6242
Occurrences: 204

וַעְיָרִ֖ם

Lemma: c/5895
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5895
Occurrences: 2

עֲשָׂרָֽה

Lemma: 6235
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H6235
Occurrences: 141

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

καμήλους θηλαζούσας καὶ τὰ παιδία αὐτῶν τριάκοντα, βόας τεσσαράκοντα, ταύρους δέκα, ὄνους εἴκοσι, καὶ πώλους δέκα.

16 word entries

καμήλους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: καμήλους
Transliteration: kameloys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 21

θηλαζούσας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: θηλαζούσας
Transliteration: thelazoysas
Morphology: aorist active participle nominative masculine singular pattern, or 2nd singular verb depending on context
Gloss: having ...
Part of Speech: participle/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

τὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

παιδία

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: παιδίον
Transliteration: paidion
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: child
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Child, infant, or little one.
Occurrences: 104

αὐτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

τριάκοντα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τριάκοντα
Transliteration: triakonta
Morphology: numeral, indeclinable
Gloss: thirty
Part of Speech: numeral
Definition: The numeral thirty.
Occurrences: 137

βόας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: βόας
Transliteration: boas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 30

τεσσαράκοντα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τεσσαράκοντα
Transliteration: tessarakonta
Morphology: numeral, indeclinable
Gloss: forty
Part of Speech: numeral
Definition: The numeral forty.
Occurrences: 101

ταύρους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ταύρους
Transliteration: tayroys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

δέκα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέκα
Transliteration: deka
Morphology: numeral, indeclinable
Gloss: ten
Part of Speech: numeral
Definition: The numeral ten.
Occurrences: 187

ὄνους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὄνους
Transliteration: onoys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 16

εἴκοσι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἴκοσι
Transliteration: eikosi
Morphology: numeral, indeclinable
Gloss: twenty
Part of Speech: numeral
Definition: The numeral twenty.
Occurrences: 214

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

πώλους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πώλους
Transliteration: poloys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

δέκα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέκα
Transliteration: deka
Morphology: numeral, indeclinable
Gloss: ten
Part of Speech: numeral
Definition: The numeral ten.
Occurrences: 187

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

גַּמְלֵי מֶנְקָתָא וּבְנֵיהוֹן תְּלָתִין תּוֹרְתָא אַרְבְּעִין וְתוֹרֵי עַסְרָא אַתְנָן עֶסְרִין וְעִירֵי עַסְרָא

12 word entries

גַּמְלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גמלי
Transliteration: gmly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

מֶנְקָתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נקתא
Transliteration: mnqt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

וּבְנֵיהוֹן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בר
Transliteration: wbnyhwn
Morphology: noun plural construct
Gloss: sons, children of
Occurrences: 1211

תְּלָתִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תלתין
Transliteration: tltyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 68

תּוֹרְתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תורתא
Transliteration: twrt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 13

אַרְבְּעִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארבעין
Transliteration: 'rb'yn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 61

וְתוֹרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תורי
Transliteration: wtwry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 57

עַסְרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עסרא
Transliteration: 'sr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 14

אַתְנָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתנן
Transliteration: 'tnn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

עֶסְרִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עסרין
Transliteration: 'sryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 26

וְעִירֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עירי
Transliteration: w'yry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

עַסְרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עסרא
Transliteration: 'sr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 14

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܓܡ̈ܠܐ ܡܝܢܩ̈ܬܐ ܘܒܢܝ̈ܗܝܢ ܬܠܬܝܢ. ܬܘܪ̈ܬܐ ܐܪ̈ܒܥܝܢ ܘܬܘܪ̈ܐ ܥܣܪܐ. ܐܬ̈ܢܐ ܥܣܪ̈ܝܢ ܘܥ̈ܝܠܐ ܥܣܪܐ.

12 word entries

ܓܡ̈ܠܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: GM"L>
Morphology: GML/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܡܝܢܩ̈ܬܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MJNQ"T>
Morphology: !M!JNQ[/T=~>:dp
Occurrences: 0

ܘܒܢܝ̈ܗܝܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WBNJ"HJN
Morphology: W-BN/J-HJN
Occurrences: 0

ܬܠܬܝܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: TLTJN
Morphology: TLT/JN
Occurrences: 0

ܬܘܪ̈ܬܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: TWR"T>
Morphology: TWR/T=~>
Occurrences: 0

ܐܪ̈ܒܥܝܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >R"B<JN
Morphology: >RB</JN
Occurrences: 0

ܘܬܘܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WTWR">
Morphology: W-TWR/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܥܣܪܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <SR>
Morphology: <SR/>
Occurrences: 0

ܐܬ̈ܢܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >T"N>
Morphology: >TN/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܥܣܪ̈ܝܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <SR"JN
Morphology: <SR/JN
Occurrences: 0

ܘܥ̈ܝܠܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W<"JL>
Morphology: W-<JL/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܥܣܪܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <SR>
Morphology: <SR/>
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et misit per manus servorum suorum singulos seorsum greges, dixitque pueris suis: Antecedite me, et sit spatium inter gregem et gregem.

22 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

misit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mitto
Transliteration: misit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1165

per

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: per
Transliteration: per
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 1915

manus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: manus
Transliteration: manus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1822

servorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: seruus
Transliteration: servorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 846

suorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

singulos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: singulus
Transliteration: singulos
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 357

seorsum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: seorsum
Transliteration: seorsum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 39

greges

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: grex
Transliteration: greges
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 182

dixitque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dico
Transliteration: dixitque
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6477

{dixitque}

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: que
Transliteration: {dixitque}
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4392

pueris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: puer
Transliteration: pueris
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 312

suis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

antecedite

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: antecedo
Transliteration: antecedite
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 9

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ego
Transliteration: me
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 6108

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

sit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: sit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

spatium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: spatium
Transliteration: spatium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 24

inter

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inter
Transliteration: inter
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 502

gregem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: grex
Transliteration: gregem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 182

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

gregem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: grex
Transliteration: gregem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 182

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Genesis 32

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Isaiah 28:26

Matthew 10:16

Genesis 32:20

Proverbs 2:11

Psalms 112:5