20 For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse:
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 1:20. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
84
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Τὰ γὰρ ἀόρατα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου τοῖς ποιήμασι νοούμενα καθορᾶται, ἥ τε ἀΐδιος αὐτοῦ δύναμις καὶ θειότης, εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀναπολογήτους·
23 word entries
Τὰ
γὰρ
ἀόρατα
αὐτοῦ
ἀπὸ
κτίσεως
κόσμου
τοῖς
ποιήμασι
νοούμενα
καθορᾶται
ἥ
τε
ἀΐδιος
αὐτοῦ
δύναμις
καὶ
θειότης
εἰς
τὸ
εἶναι
αὐτοὺς
ἀναπολογήτους
- Lemma
- anapologhtouv
- Transliteration
- anapologhtouv
- Morphology
- Greek: adjective accusative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Strong's
- G379
- Occurrences
- 1
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
τὰ γὰρ ἀόρατα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου τοῖς ποιήμασιν νοούμενα καθορᾶται, ἥ τε ἀΐδιος αὐτοῦ δύναμις καὶ θειότης, εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀναπολογήτους·
23 word entries
τὰ
τοῖς
ἥ
καὶ
τὸ
εἶναι
ἀναπολογήτους·
- Lemma
- ἀναπολόγητος
- Morphology
- A-APM
- Part of Speech
- A
- Strong's
- G0379
- Occurrences
- 2
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܟܣܝܬܗ ܓܝܪ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܡܢ ܬܪܡܝܬܗ ܕܥܠܡܐ ܠܒܪܝܬܗ ܒܣܘܟܠܐ ܡܬܚܙܝܢ ܘܚܝܠܗ ܘܐܠܗܘܬܗ ܕܠܥܠܡ ܕܢܗܘܘܢ ܕܠܐ ܡܦܩ ܒܪܘܚ
16 word entries
ܟܣܝܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܣܝܬܗ
- Transliteration
- ksyth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܓܝܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܝܪ
- Transliteration
- gyr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1085
ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- d'lh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 586
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܬܪܡܝܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܪܡܝܬܗ
- Transliteration
- trmyth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 8
ܕܥܠܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܠܡܐ
- Transliteration
- d'lm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 73
ܠܒܪܝܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܒܪܝܬܗ
- Transliteration
- lbryth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܣܘܟܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܣܘܟܠܐ
- Transliteration
- bswkl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܬܚܙܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܬܚܙܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mthzyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 8
ܘܚܝܠܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܝܠܗ
- Transliteration
- whylh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܘܐܠܗܘܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܠܗܘܬܗ
- Transliteration
- w'lhwth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܠܥܠܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܥܠܡ
- Transliteration
- dl'lm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 70
ܕܢܗܘܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܗܘܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dnhwwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 39
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܡܦܩ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܦܩ
- Transliteration
- mpq
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 21
ܒܪܘܚ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܪܘܚ
- Transliteration
- brwh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 29
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Invisibilia enim ipsius, a creatura mundi, per ea quæ facta sunt, intellecta, conspiciuntur: sempiterna quoque ejus virtus, et divinitas: ita ut sint inexcusabiles.
22 word entries
invisibilia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inuisibilis
- Transliteration
- invisibilia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 9
enim
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- enim
- Transliteration
- enim
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2392
ipsius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ipse
- Transliteration
- ipsius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2134
a
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ab
- Transliteration
- a
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3693
creatura
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- creatura
- Transliteration
- creatura
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 40
mundi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mundus
- Transliteration
- mundi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 322
per
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- per
- Transliteration
- per
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1915
ea
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- ea
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
facta
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facio
- Transliteration
- facta
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4719
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
intellecta
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- intelligo
- Transliteration
- intellecta
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 211
conspiciuntur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- conspicio
- Transliteration
- conspiciuntur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 21
sempiterna
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sempiternus
- Transliteration
- sempiterna
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 167
quoque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quoque
- Transliteration
- quoque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 773
eius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
virtus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uirtus
- Transliteration
- virtus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 353
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
divinitas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- diuinitas
- Transliteration
- divinitas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 3
ut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ut
- Transliteration
- ut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4533
sint
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sint
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
inexcusabiles
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inexcusabilis
- Transliteration
- inexcusabiles
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 2
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Romans 1:19
Because that which may be known of God, is manifest in them; for God hath shown it to them.
57 relevance votesIsaiah 40:26
Lift up your eyes on high, and behold who hath created these things , that bringeth out their host by number: he calleth them all by names, by the greatness of his might, for that he is strong in power; not one faileth.
44 relevance votesPsalms 8:3
When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers; the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained;
41 relevance votesRomans 2:15
Who show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing testimony, and their thoughts the mean while accusing, or else excusing one another)
17 relevance votesJohn 15:22
If I had not come and spoken to them, they had not had sin: but now they have no cloke for their sin.
16 relevance votesPsalms 104:5
Who laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not be removed for ever.
14 relevance votesJohn 1:18
No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him .
14 relevance votes1 Timothy 1:17
Now to the King eternal, immortal, invisible, God the only wise, be honor and glory for ever and ever. Amen.
13 relevance votesPsalms 139:13
For thou hast possessed my reins: thou hast covered me in my mother's womb.
13 relevance votesPsalms 119:90
Thy faithfulness is to all generations: thou hast established the earth, and it abideth.
12 relevance votesDeuteronomy 4:19
And lest thou shouldst lift up thy eyes to heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon, and the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldst be driven to worship them, and serve them, which the LORD thy God hath divided to all nations under the whole heaven.
12 relevance votesColossians 2:9
For in him dwelleth all the fullness of the Godhead bodily.
12 relevance votes