15 Who show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing testimony, and their thoughts the mean while accusing, or else excusing one another)
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 2:15. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
88
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
οἵτινες ἐνδείκνυνται τὸ ἔργον τοῦ νόμου γραπτὸν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν, συμμαρτυρούσης αὐτῶν τῆς συνειδήσεως, καὶ μεταξὺ ἀλλήλων τῶν λογισμῶν κατηγορούντων ἢ καὶ ἀπολογουμένων,
24 word entries
οἵτινες
ἐνδείκνυνται
- Lemma
- endeiknuntai
- Transliteration
- endeiknuntai
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1731
- Occurrences
- 1
τὸ
ἔργον
τοῦ
νόμου
γραπτὸν
ἐν
ταῖς
καρδίαις
αὐτῶν
συμμαρτυρούσης
- Lemma
- summarturoushv
- Transliteration
- summarturoushv
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle genitive singular feminine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4828
- Occurrences
- 2
αὐτῶν
τῆς
συνειδήσεως
- Lemma
- suneidhsewv
- Transliteration
- suneidhsewv
- Morphology
- Greek: noun genitive singular feminine
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G4893
- Occurrences
- 8
καὶ
μεταξὺ
ἀλλήλων
τῶν
λογισμῶν
κατηγορούντων
- Lemma
- kathgorountwn
- Transliteration
- kathgorountwn
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle genitive plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2723
- Occurrences
- 1
ἢ
καὶ
ἀπολογουμένων
- Lemma
- apologoumenwn
- Transliteration
- apologoumenwn
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle/passive deponent participle genitive plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G626
- Occurrences
- 1
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
οἵτινες ἐνδείκνυνται τὸ ἔργον τοῦ νόμου γραπτὸν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν, συνμαρτυρούσης αὐτῶν τῆς συνειδήσεως καὶ μεταξὺ ἀλλήλων τῶν λογισμῶν κατηγορούντων ἢ καὶ ἀπολογουμένων,
24 word entries
ἐνδείκνυνται
- Lemma
- ἐνδείκνυμι
- Morphology
- V-PMI-3P
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G1731
- Occurrences
- 11
τὸ
τοῦ
ἐν
ταῖς
συνμαρτυρούσης
- Lemma
- συμμαρτυρέω
- Morphology
- V-PAP-GSF
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G4828
- Occurrences
- 3
τῆς
συνειδήσεως
- Lemma
- συνείδησις
- Morphology
- N-GSF
- Part of Speech
- N
- Strong's
- G4893
- Occurrences
- 31
καὶ
τῶν
καὶ
ἀπολογουμένων,
- Lemma
- ἀπολογέομαι
- Morphology
- V-PNP-GPM
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G0626
- Occurrences
- 10
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܗܢܘܢ ܡܚܘܝܢ ܥܒܕܗ ܕܢܡܘܣܐ ܟܕ ܟܬܝܒ ܥܠ ܠܒܗܘܢ ܘܡܣܗܕܐ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܬܐܪܬܗܘܢ ܟܕ ܡܚܫܒܬܗܘܢ ܡܟܘܢܢ ܐܘ ܢܦܩܢ ܪܘܚܐ ܠܚܕܕܐ
18 word entries
ܘܗܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܗܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- whnwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 55
ܡܚܘܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܚܘܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mhwyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 4
ܥܒܕܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܒܕܗ
- Transliteration
- 'bdh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 20
ܕܢܡܘܣܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܡܘܣܐ
- Transliteration
- dnmws'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 35
ܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܕ
- Transliteration
- kd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 730
ܟܬܝܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܬܝܒ
- Transliteration
- ktyb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 40
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܠܒܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܒܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lbhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 12
ܘܡܣܗܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܣܗܕܐ
- Transliteration
- wmshd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܥܠܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'lyhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 81
ܬܐܪܬܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܐܪܬܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- t'rthwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 4
ܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܕ
- Transliteration
- kd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 730
ܡܚܫܒܬܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܚܫܒܬܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- mhshbthwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 8
ܡܟܘܢܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܟܘܢܢ
- Transliteration
- mkwnn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܐܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܘ
- Transliteration
- 'w
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 312
ܢܦܩܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܦܩܢ
- Transliteration
- npqn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 9
ܪܘܚܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܪܘܚܐ
- Transliteration
- ruha
- Morphology
- noun, feminine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- spirit, wind
- Occurrences
- 199
ܠܚܕܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܚܕܕܐ
- Transliteration
- lhdd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 5
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
qui ostendunt opus legis scriptum in cordibus suis, testimonium reddente illis conscientia ipsorum, et inter se invicem cogitationibus accusantibus, aut etiam defendentibus,
22 word entries
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
ostendunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ostendo
- Transliteration
- ostendunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 240
opus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- opus
- Transliteration
- opus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 656
legis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lex
- Transliteration
- legis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 596
scriptum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- scribo
- Transliteration
- scriptum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 451
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
cordibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cor
- Transliteration
- cordibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1028
suis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
testimonium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- testimonium
- Transliteration
- testimonium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 298
reddente
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- reddo
- Transliteration
- reddente
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 267
illis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
conscientia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- conscientia
- Transliteration
- conscientia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 36
ipsorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ipse
- Transliteration
- ipsorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2134
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
inter
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inter
- Transliteration
- inter
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 502
se
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sui
- Transliteration
- se
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1317
invicem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inuicem
- Transliteration
- invicem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 118
cogitationum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cogitatio
- Transliteration
- cogitationum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 138
accusantium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- accuso
- Transliteration
- accusantium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 39
aut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aut
- Transliteration
- aut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 509
etiam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- etiam
- Transliteration
- etiam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 326
defendentium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- defendo
- Transliteration
- defendentium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 17
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
2 Corinthians 5:11
Knowing therefore the terror of the Lord, we persuade men; but we are made manifest to God; and I trust also are made manifest in your consciences.
9 relevance votesTitus 1:15
To the pure all things are pure: but to them that are defiled and unbelieving is nothing pure; but even their mind and conscience is defiled.
7 relevance votes2 Corinthians 1:12
For our rejoicing is this, the testimony of our conscience, that in simplicity and godly sincerity, not with fleshly wisdom, but by the grace of God, we have had our manner of life in the world, and more abundantly toward you.
7 relevance votesRomans 9:1
I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience also bearing me testimony in the Holy Spirit,
6 relevance votes1 Timothy 4:2
Speaking lies in hypocrisy, having their conscience seared with a hot iron;
6 relevance votesJob 27:6
My righteousness I hold fast, and will not let it go: my heart shall not reproach me so long as I live.
6 relevance votes1 Kings 2:44
The king said moreover to Shimei, Thou knowest all the wickedness which thy heart is privy to, that thou didst to David my father: therefore the LORD will return thy wickedness upon thy own head;
4 relevance votesGenesis 20:5
Said he not to me, She is my sister? and she, even she herself said, He is my brother: in the integrity of my heart, and innocence of my hands have I done this.
4 relevance votesEcclesiastes 7:22
For often also thy own heart knoweth that thou thyself likewise hast cursed others.
4 relevance votesActs 24:16
And in this I exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offense towards God, and towards men.
4 relevance votesActs 23:1
And Paul, earnestly beholding the council, said, Men, brethren, I have lived in all good conscience before God until this day.
3 relevance votesJohn 8:9
And they who heard it , being convicted by their own conscience, went out one by one, beginning at the eldest, even to the last: and Jesus was left alone, and the woman standing in the midst.
3 relevance votes