25 Who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshiped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 1:25. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
86
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
οἵτινες μετήλλαξαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ψεύδει, καὶ ἐσεβάσθησαν καὶ ἐλάτρευσαν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα, ὅς ἐστιν εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν.
25 word entries
οἵτινες
μετήλλαξαν
- Lemma
- methllaxan
- Transliteration
- methllaxan
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist active indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G3337
- Occurrences
- 2
τὴν
ἀλήθειαν
τοῦ
Θεοῦ
ἐν
τῷ
ψεύδει
καὶ
ἐσεβάσθησαν
- Lemma
- esebasqhsan
- Transliteration
- esebasqhsan
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist middle deponent indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4573
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
ἐλάτρευσαν
- Lemma
- elatreusan
- Transliteration
- elatreusan
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist active indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G3000
- Occurrences
- 1
τῇ
κτίσει
παρὰ
τὸν
κτίσαντα
ὅς
ἐστιν
εὐλογητὸς
εἰς
τοὺς
αἰῶνας
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
οἵτινες μετήλλαξαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ψεύδει, καὶ ἐσεβάσθησαν καὶ ἐλάτρευσαν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα, ὅς ἐστιν εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας· ἀμήν.
25 word entries
μετήλλαξαν
- Lemma
- μεταλλάσσω
- Morphology
- V-AAI-3P
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G3337
- Occurrences
- 2
τὴν
τοῦ
θεοῦ
ἐν
τῷ
καὶ
καὶ
τῇ
τὸν
ἐστιν
τοὺς
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܚܠܦܘ ܫܪܪܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܒܟܕܒܘܬܐ ܘܕܚܠܘ ܘܫܡܫܘ ܠܒܪܝܬܐ ܛܒ ܡܢ ܕܠܒܪܘܝܗܝܢ ܕܠܗ ܬܫܒܚܢ ܘܒܘܪܟܢ ܠܥܠܡ ܥܠܡܝܢ ܐܡܝܢ
16 word entries
ܘܚܠܦܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܠܦܘ
- Transliteration
- whlpw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܫܪܪܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܪܪܗ
- Transliteration
- shrrh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5
ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- d'lh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 586
ܒܟܕܒܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܟܕܒܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- bkdbwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܕܚܠܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܕܚܠܘ
- Transliteration
- wdhlw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 11
ܘܫܡܫܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܡܫܘ
- Transliteration
- wshmshw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܒܪܝܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܒܪܝܬܐ
- Transliteration
- lbryt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܛܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܛܒ
- Transliteration
- tb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 43
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܕܠܒܪܘܝܗܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܒܪܘܝܗܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dlbrwyhyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܠܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܗ
- Transliteration
- dlh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 22
ܬܫܒܚܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܫܒܚܢ
- Transliteration
- tshbhn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܒܘܪܟܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܘܪܟܢ
- Transliteration
- wbwrkn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܠܥܠܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܥܠܡ
- Transliteration
- l'lm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 62
ܥܠܡܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠܡܝܢ
- Transliteration
- 'lmyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 29
ܐܡܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܡܝܢ
- Transliteration
- 'myn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 138
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
qui commutaverunt veritatem Dei in mendacium: et coluerunt, et servierunt creaturæ potius quam Creatori, qui est benedictus in sæcula. Amen.
20 word entries
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
commutaverunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- commuto
- Transliteration
- commutaverunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 17
veritatem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ueritas
- Transliteration
- veritatem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 269
Dei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Dei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
mendacio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mendacium
- Transliteration
- mendacio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 105
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
coluerunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- colo
- Transliteration
- coluerunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 77
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
servierunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- seruio
- Transliteration
- servierunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 283
creaturae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- creatura
- Transliteration
- creaturae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 40
potius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- potius
- Transliteration
- potius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 29
quam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quam
- Transliteration
- quam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 426
creatori
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- creator
- Transliteration
- creatori
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 11
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
benedictus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- benedico
- Transliteration
- benedictus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 418
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
saecula
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- saeculum
- Transliteration
- saecula
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 280
amen
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- amen
- Transliteration
- amen
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 166
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Habakkuk 2:18
What profiteth the graven image that its maker hath graven it; the molten image, and a teacher of lies, that the maker of his work trusteth therein, to make dumb idols?
19 relevance votesJeremiah 13:25
This is thy lot, the portion of thy measures from me, saith the LORD; because thou hast forgotten me, and trusted in falsehood.
18 relevance votesIsaiah 44:20
He feedeth on ashes: a deceived heart hath turned him aside, that he cannot deliver his soul, nor say, Is there not a lie in my right hand?
11 relevance votesAmos 2:4
Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Judah, and for four, I will not turn away their punishment : because they have despised the law of the LORD, and have not kept his commandments, and their lies caused them to err, after which their fathers have walked:
10 relevance votes2 Corinthians 11:31
The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who is blessed for evermore, knoweth that I lie not.
9 relevance votesRomans 9:5
Whose are the fathers, and from whom according to the flesh, Christ came , who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.
8 relevance votesRomans 1:23
And changed the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and four-footed beasts, and creeping animals.
7 relevance votes1 John 5:20
And we know that the Son of God hath come, and hath given us an understanding, that we may know him that is true, and we are in him that is true, even in his Son Jesus Christ. This is the true God, and eternal life.
7 relevance votes2 Timothy 3:4
Traitors, heady, high-minded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God;
6 relevance votesMatthew 6:24
No man can serve two masters: for either he will hate the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to the one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serve God and mammon.
5 relevance votesRomans 1:18
For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness, and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness.
5 relevance votes1 Thessalonians 1:9
For they themselves show of us what manner of entrance we had to you, and how ye turned to God from idols, to serve the living and true God;
4 relevance votes