28 When the wicked rise, men hide themselves: but when they perish, the righteous increase.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 28:28. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
44
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
בְּק֣וּם רְ֭שָׁעִים יִסָּתֵ֣ר אָדָ֑ם וּ֝בְאָבְדָ֗ם יִרְבּ֥וּ צַדִּיקִֽים׃
7 word entries
בְּק֣וּם
רְ֭שָׁעִים
יִסָּתֵ֣ר
אָדָ֑ם
וּ֝בְאָבְדָ֗ם
יִרְבּ֥וּ
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ἐν τόποις ἀσεβῶν στένουσι δίκαιοι, ἐν δὲ τῇ ἐκείνων ἀπωλείᾳ πληθυνθήσονται δίκαιοι.
12 word entries
Ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
τόποις
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- τόποις
- Transliteration
- topois
- Morphology
- dative plural masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- to/for ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 11
ἀσεβῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀσεβής
- Transliteration
- asebon
- Morphology
- adjective/substantive, genitive plural
- Gloss
- of the ungodly
- Part of Speech
- adjective/substantive
- Definition
- Ungodly, impious, wicked.
- Occurrences
- 143
στένουσι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- στένουσι
- Transliteration
- stenoysi
- Morphology
- verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
- Gloss
- they ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
δίκαιοι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- δίκαιοι
- Transliteration
- dikaioi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 37
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
τῇ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἐκείνων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐκείνων
- Transliteration
- ekeinon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 21
ἀπωλείᾳ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀπωλείᾳ
- Transliteration
- apoleia
- Morphology
- dative singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- to/for ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 19
πληθυνθήσονται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πληθυνθήσονται
- Transliteration
- plethynthesontai
- Morphology
- verb, future middle indicative, 3rd plural
- Gloss
- they will ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 8
δίκαιοι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- δίκαιοι
- Transliteration
- dikaioi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 37
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܒܩܘܡܐ ܕܥܘ̈ܠܐ ܡܬܛܫܐ ܒܪܢܫܐ ܘܒܐܒܕܢܗܘܢ ܢܣܓܘܢ ܙܕܝ̈ܩܐ
7 word entries
ܒܩܘܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܩܘܡܐ
- Transliteration
- bqwm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܥܘ̈ܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- d'wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 116
ܡܬܛܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܬܛܫܐ
- Transliteration
- mttsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 8
ܒܪܢܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܪܢܫܐ
- Transliteration
- brnsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 66
ܘܒܐܒܕܢܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܐܒܕܢܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- wb'bdnhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܢܣܓܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܣܓܘܢ
- Transliteration
- nsgwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 6
ܙܕܝ̈ܩܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܙܕܝܩܐ
- Transliteration
- zdyq'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 97
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
בְּקוּמָא דְרַשִׁיעֵי מִתְטְשֵׁי בַר נָשָׁא וּבְאָבְדֵיהוֹן נִסְגוּן צַדִיקֵי׃
8 word entries
בְּקוּמָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קומא
- Transliteration
- bqwm'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 6
דְרַשִׁיעֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רשיעי
- Transliteration
- drshy'y
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 98
מִתְטְשֵׁי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תטשי
- Transliteration
- mttshy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
בַר
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בר
- Transliteration
- br
- Morphology
- noun masculine singular
- Gloss
- son
- Occurrences
- 2734
נָשָׁא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נשא
- Transliteration
- nsh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 118
וּבְאָבְדֵיהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- באבדיהון
- Transliteration
- wb'bdyhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
נִסְגוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נסגון
- Transliteration
- nsgwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
צַדִיקֵי׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- צדיקי
- Transliteration
- tsdyqy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 46
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Cum surrexerint impii, abscondentur homines; cum illi perierint, multiplicabuntur justi.]
10 word entries
cum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cum
- Transliteration
- cum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5272
surrexerint
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- surgo
- Transliteration
- surrexerint
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 421
impii
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- impius
- Transliteration
- impii
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 267
abscondentur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- abscondo
- Transliteration
- abscondentur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 159
homines
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- homo
- Transliteration
- homines
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1653
cum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cum
- Transliteration
- cum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5272
illi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
perierint
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pereo
- Transliteration
- perierint
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 250
multiplicabuntur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- multiplico
- Transliteration
- multiplicabuntur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 160
iusti
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iustus
- Transliteration
- iusti
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 427
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Proverbs 29:2
When the righteous are in authority, the people rejoice: but when the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn.
10 relevance votesJob 24:4
They turn the needy out of the way: the poor of the earth hide themselves together.
9 relevance votesProverbs 28:12
When righteous men rejoice, there is great glory: but when the wicked rise, a man is hidden.
9 relevance votesEsther 8:17
And in every province, and in every city, whithersoever the king's commandment and his decree came, the Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good day. And many of the people of the land became Jews; for the fear of the Jews fell upon them.
3 relevance votes