20 Then Abner looked behind him, and said, Art thou Asahel? And he answered, I am .
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Samuel 2:20. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
63
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וַיִּ֤פֶן אַבְנֵר֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הַאַתָּ֥ה זֶ֖ה עֲשָׂהאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אָנֹֽכִי׃
9 word entries
וַיִּ֤פֶן
אַֽחֲרָ֔יו
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר
הַאַתָּ֥ה
וַיֹּ֖אמֶר
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ ἐπέβλεψεν Ἀβεννὴρ εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἶπεν, εἰ σὺ εἶ αὐτὸς Ἀσαήλ; καὶ εἶπεν, ἐγώ εἰμι.
18 word entries
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἐπέβλεψεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἐπέβλεψεν
- Transliteration
- epeblepsen
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἐπέβλεψεν
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 13
Ἀβεννὴρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Ἀβεννήρ
- Transliteration
- Abenner
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Abner
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Abner, biblical personal name.
- Occurrences
- 57
εἰς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰς
- Transliteration
- eis
- Morphology
- preposition with accusative
- Gloss
- into, to, for
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
- Occurrences
- 6787
τὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ὀπίσω
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὀπίσω
- Transliteration
- opiso
- Morphology
- adverb/preposition
- Gloss
- behind, after
- Part of Speech
- adverb/preposition
- Definition
- Behind, after, or following.
- Occurrences
- 347
αὐτοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
εἶπεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- λέγω
- Transliteration
- eipen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it said
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To say or speak.
- Occurrences
- 5490
εἰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰ
- Transliteration
- ei
- Morphology
- conditional particle
- Gloss
- if, whether
- Part of Speech
- conditional particle
- Definition
- Conditional particle.
- Occurrences
- 649
σὺ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- σύ
- Transliteration
- sy
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative second-person singular
- Gloss
- you
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Second-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 12950
εἶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰμί
- Transliteration
- ei
- Morphology
- verb, present active indicative, 2nd singular
- Gloss
- you are
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To be or exist.
- Strong's
- G1510
- Occurrences
- 5427
αὐτὸς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
Ἀσαήλ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἀσαήλ
- Transliteration
- asael
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἀσαήλ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
εἶπεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- λέγω
- Transliteration
- eipen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it said
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To say or speak.
- Occurrences
- 5490
ἐγώ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐγώ
- Transliteration
- ego
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative first-person singular
- Gloss
- I
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- First-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 11445
εἰμι
- Status
- Machine-aligned lexicon entry
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
- Note
- Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
- Lemma
- εἰμι
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- verb
- Gloss
- was
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To be or exist.
- Strong's
- G1510
- Occurrences
- 262
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܐܬܦܢܝ ܐܒܢܝܪ ܠܒܣܬܪܗ ܘܐܡܪ ܐܢܬ ܗܘ ܗܢܐ ܥܫܐܝܠ ܘܐܡܪ ܐܢܐ ܗܘ
11 word entries
ܘܐܬܦܢܝ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- W>MR
- Morphology
- W->MR[
- Occurrences
- 0
ܐܒܢܝܪ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- >JTW
- Morphology
- !!]>](>&JT(J[W
- Occurrences
- 0
ܠܒܣܬܪܗ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- LJ
- Morphology
- L-J
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܐܡܪ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- QWQT>
- Morphology
- QWQ(>/T~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܐܢܬ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- XD>
- Morphology
- XD/>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- XDT>
- Morphology
- XD(T/T~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܗܢܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- W>RMW
- Morphology
- W-!!]>]RM(J[W
- Occurrences
- 0
ܥܫܐܝܠ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- BH
- Morphology
- B-H=
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܐܡܪ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- MLX>
- Morphology
- MLX/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܐܢܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- W>JTJW
- Morphology
- W-]>](>&JTJ[W
- Occurrences
- 0
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- LH
- Morphology
- L-H
- Occurrences
- 0
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וְאִיתְפְּנִי אַבְנֵר בַּתְרוֹהִי וַאֲמַר הַאַתְּ דֵין עֲשָׂהאֵל וַאֲמַר אֲנָא׃
9 word entries
וְאִיתְפְּנִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- איתפני
- Transliteration
- w'ytpny
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4
אַבְנֵר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אבנר
- Transliteration
- 'bnr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 62
בַּתְרוֹהִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תרוהי
- Transliteration
- btrwhy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 45
וַאֲמַר
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- אמר
- Transliteration
- w'mr
- Morphology
- prefixed conjunction ו + verbal root אמר, speech/action form
- Gloss
- and said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 3728
הַאַתְּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- האת
- Transliteration
- h't
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 10
דֵין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דין
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 684
עֲשָׂהאֵל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עשהאל
- Transliteration
- 'shh'l
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 16
וַאֲמַר
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- אמר
- Transliteration
- w'mr
- Morphology
- prefixed conjunction ו + verbal root אמר, speech/action form
- Gloss
- and said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 3728
אֲנָא׃
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- אנא
- Transliteration
- 'n'
- Morphology
- personal pronoun first singular
- Gloss
- I
- Occurrences
- 1108
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Respexit itaque Abner post tergum suum, et ait: Tune es Asaël? Qui respondit: Ego sum.
16 word entries
respexit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- respicio
- Transliteration
- respexit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 203
itaque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- itaque
- Transliteration
- itaque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 371
Abner
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Abner
- Transliteration
- Abner
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 54
post
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- post
- Transliteration
- post
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 621
tergum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tergum
- Transliteration
- tergum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 46
suum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
ait
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aio
- Transliteration
- ait
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1222
tune
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tu
- Transliteration
- tune
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4602
{tune}
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ne
- Transliteration
- {tune}
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 1109
es
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- es
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Asahel
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Asael
- Transliteration
- Asahel
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 17
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
respondit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- respondeo
- Transliteration
- respondit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 851
ego
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ego
- Transliteration
- ego
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 6108
sum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614