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World English Bible

Psalms 32

World English Bible, Verse 10

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¹⁰ Many sorrows come to the wicked, but loving kindness shall surround him who trusts in Yahweh.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 32:10. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 48

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

רַבִּ֥ים מַכְאוֹבִ֗ים לָרָ֫שָׁ֥ע וְהַבּוֹטֵ֥חַ בַּיהוָ֑ה חֶ֝֗סֶד יְסוֹבְבֶֽנּוּ׃

7 word entries

רַבִּ֥ים

Lemma: 7227 a
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H7227
Occurrences: 362

מַכְאוֹבִ֗ים

Lemma: 4341
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4341
Occurrences: 10

לָרָ֫שָׁ֥ע

Lemma: l/7563
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + adjective
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H7563
Occurrences: 15

וְהַבּוֹטֵ֥חַ

Lemma: c/d/982
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle definite article + verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H982
Occurrences: 2

בַּיהוָ֑ה

Lemma: b/3068
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 105

חֶ֝֗סֶד

Lemma: 2617 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2617
Occurrences: 193

יְסוֹבְבֶֽנּוּ

Lemma: 5437
Morphology: Hebrew: verb poel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5437
Occurrences: 82

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Κύριος διασκεδάζει βουλὰς ἐθνῶν, ἀθετεῖ δὲ λογισμοὺς λαῶν, καὶ ἀθετεῖ βουλὰς ἀρχόντων.

12 word entries

Κύριος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

διασκεδάζει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: διασκεδάζει
Transliteration: diaskedazei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

βουλὰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: βουλὰς
Transliteration: boylas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

ἐθνῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔθνος
Transliteration: ethnos
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: nation, people
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Nation, people, Gentile group, or ethnic body.
Occurrences: 917

ἀθετεῖ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀθετεῖ
Transliteration: athetei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

λογισμοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: λογισμοὺς
Transliteration: logismoys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

λαῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λαός
Transliteration: laos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: people
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: People, nation, or community.
Occurrences: 1841

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀθετεῖ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀθετεῖ
Transliteration: athetei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

βουλὰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: βουλὰς
Transliteration: boylas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

ἀρχόντων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἄρχων
Transliteration: archon
Morphology: noun/participle substantive, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: ruler, leader
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Ruler, leader, or official.
Occurrences: 577

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܣ̈ܓܝܐܝܢ ܟܐ̈ܒܘܗܝ ܕܥܘܠܐ ܘܐܝܢܐ ܕܡܣܒܪ ܒܡܪܝܐ ܛܝܒܘܬܐ ܬܚܕܪܝܘܗܝ

8 word entries

ܣ̈ܓܝܐܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܓܝܐܝܢ
Transliteration: sgy'yn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 18

ܟܐ̈ܒܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܐܒܘܗܝ
Transliteration: k'bwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3

ܕܥܘܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܥܘܠܐ
Transliteration: d'wl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 116

ܘܐܝܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܝܢܐ
Transliteration: w'yn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 19

ܕܡܣܒܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܣܒܪ
Transliteration: dmsbr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 6

ܒܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: bmry'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 67

ܛܝܒܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܛܝܒܘܬܐ
Transliteration: tybwt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 40

ܬܚܕܪܝܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܚܕܪܝܘܗܝ
Transliteration: thdrywhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

סַגִיאִין כֵּיבִין לְרַשִׁיעָא וּדְכָלֵי בַיָי טֵיבוּתָא יַחְזְרִינֵהּ׃

7 word entries

סַגִיאִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סגיאין
Transliteration: sgy'yn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 188

כֵּיבִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יבין
Transliteration: kybyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 12

לְרַשִׁיעָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רשיעא
Transliteration: lrshy''
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 147

וּדְכָלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דכלי
Transliteration: wdkly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

בַיָי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ביי
Transliteration: byy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 9

טֵיבוּתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טיבותא
Transliteration: tybwt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 13

יַחְזְרִינֵהּ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יחזרינה
Transliteration: ychzrynh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Dominus dissipat consilia gentium; reprobat autem cogitationes populorum, et reprobat consilia principum.

14 word entries

Dominus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Dominus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

dissipat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dissipo
Transliteration: dissipat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 105

consilia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: consilium
Transliteration: consilia
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 232

gentium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gens
Transliteration: gentium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 873

reprobat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: reprobo
Transliteration: reprobat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 22

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

cogitationes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cogitatio
Transliteration: cogitationes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 138

populorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: populus
Transliteration: populorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2030

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: %
Transliteration: %
Morphology: GreLa POS: other
Occurrences: 72

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

reprobat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: reprobo
Transliteration: reprobat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 22

consilia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: consilium
Transliteration: consilia
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 232

principum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: princeps
Transliteration: principum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 830

;

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ;
Transliteration: ;
Morphology: GreLa POS: other
Occurrences: 131

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 32

Source Text Study

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