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World English Bible

Psalms 19

World English Bible, Verse 9

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⁹ The fear of Yahweh is clean, enduring forever. Yahweh’s ordinances are true, and righteous altogether.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 19:9. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 50

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

פִּקּ֘וּדֵ֤י יְהוָ֣ה יְ֭שָׁרִים מְשַׂמְּחֵי־לֵ֑ב מִצְוַ֥ת יְהוָ֥ה בָּ֝רָ֗ה מְאִירַ֥ת עֵינָֽיִם׃

10 word entries

פִּקּ֘וּדֵ֤י

Lemma: 6490
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6490
Occurrences: 19

יְהוָ֣ה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

יְ֭שָׁרִים

Lemma: 3477
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H3477
Occurrences: 54

מְשַׂמְּחֵי

Lemma: 8055
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H8055
Occurrences: 88

לֵ֑ב

Lemma: 3820 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3820
Occurrences: 463

מִצְוַ֥ת

Lemma: 4687
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4687
Occurrences: 115

יְהוָ֥ה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

בָּ֝רָ֗ה

Lemma: 1249
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1249
Occurrences: 4

מְאִירַ֥ת

Lemma: 215
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H215
Occurrences: 25

עֵינָֽיִם

Lemma: 5869 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender dual absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5869
Occurrences: 350

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Αὐτοὶ συνεποδίσθησαν καὶ ἔπεσαν, ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀνέστημεν καὶ ἀνωρθώθημεν.

9 word entries

Αὐτοὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

συνεποδίσθησαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: συνεποδίσθησαν
Transliteration: synepodisthesan
Morphology: verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: were ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἔπεσαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἔπεσαν
Transliteration: epesan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 21

ἡμεῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

ἀνέστημεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀνέστημεν
Transliteration: anestemen
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀνωρθώθημεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀνωρθώθημεν
Transliteration: anorthothemen
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܦܘܩ̈ܕܢܘܗܝ ܕܡܪܝܐ ܬܪ̈ܝܨܝܢ ܘܡܚܕܝܢ ܠܒܐ ܦܘܩܕܢܗ ܕܡܪܝܐ ܓܒܐ ܘܡܢܗܪ ܥܝܢ̈ܐ

10 word entries

ܦܘܩ̈ܕܢܘܗܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: PWQ"DNWHJ
Morphology: PWQDN/(J&W-HJ
Occurrences: 0

ܕܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DMRJ>
Morphology: D-MRJ>/
Occurrences: 0

ܬܪ̈ܝܨܝܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: TR"JYJN
Morphology: TR&JY[/JN:p
Occurrences: 0

ܘܡܚܕܝܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WMXDJN
Morphology: W-!M!XD(J[/JN:d
Occurrences: 0

ܠܒܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LB>
Morphology: LB/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܦܘܩܕܢܗ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: PWQDNH
Morphology: PWQDN/-H
Occurrences: 0

ܕܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DMRJ>
Morphology: D-MRJ>/
Occurrences: 0

ܓܒܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: GB>
Morphology: GB(J&>[/:p
Occurrences: 0

ܘܡܢܗܪ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WMNHR
Morphology: W-!M!](>]NHR=[/
Occurrences: 0

ܥܝܢ̈ܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <JN">
Morphology: <JN/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

פִּקוּדַיָא דַייָ תְּרִיצִין מְחַדִין לִבָּא פִקוּדָא דַייָ בְּרִירָא מְגַהֲרָא עַיְנִין׃

10 word entries

פִּקוּדַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פקודיא
Transliteration: pqwdy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 27

דַייָ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דיי
Transliteration: dyy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1761

תְּרִיצִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תריצין
Transliteration: trytsyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 7

מְחַדִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חדין
Transliteration: mchdyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 9

לִבָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לבא
Transliteration: lb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 168

פִקוּדָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פקודא
Transliteration: pqwd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

דַייָ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דיי
Transliteration: dyy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1761

בְּרִירָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רירא
Transliteration: bryr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 7

מְגַהֲרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גהרא
Transliteration: mghr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

עַיְנִין׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עינין
Transliteration: 'ynyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 16

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Ipsi obligati sunt, et ceciderunt; nos autem surreximus, et erecti sumus.

11 word entries

ipsi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ipse
Transliteration: ipsi
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 2134

obligati

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: obligo
Transliteration: obligati
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6

sunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: sunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

ceciderunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cado
Transliteration: ceciderunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 410

nos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nos
Transliteration: nos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1585

vero

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uero
Transliteration: vero
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 537

surreximus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: surgo
Transliteration: surreximus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 421

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

erecti

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: erigo
Transliteration: erecti
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 72

sumus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: sumus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 19

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

1 Samuel 12:24

Psalms 119:142

Psalms 119:1

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Deuteronomy 4:8

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Psalms 10:5

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Nehemiah 5:15