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World English Bible

Psalms 18

World English Bible, Verse 8

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⁸ Smoke went out of his nostrils. Consuming fire came out of his mouth. Coals were kindled by it.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 18:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 54

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַתִּגְעַ֬שׁ וַתִּרְעַ֨שׁ ׀ הָאָ֗רֶץ וּמוֹסְדֵ֣י הָרִ֣ים יִרְגָּ֑זוּ וַ֝יִּתְגָּֽעֲשׁ֗וּ כִּי־חָ֥רָה לֽוֹ׃

10 word entries

וַתִּגְעַ֬שׁ

Lemma: c/1607
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1607
Occurrences: 7

וַתִּרְעַ֨שׁ

Lemma: c/7493
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7493
Occurrences: 10

הָאָ֗רֶץ

Lemma: d/776
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H776
Occurrences: 981

וּמוֹסְדֵ֣י

Lemma: c/4146
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common both gender plural construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H4146
Occurrences: 1

הָרִ֣ים

Lemma: 2022
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2022
Occurrences: 206

יִרְגָּ֑זוּ

Lemma: 7264
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7264
Occurrences: 30

וַ֝יִּתְגָּֽעֲשׁ֗וּ

Lemma: c/1607
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hithpael sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1607
Occurrences: 7

כִּי

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

חָ֥רָה

Lemma: 2734
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2734
Occurrences: 32

לֽוֹ

Lemma: l
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 4413

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὁ νόμος τοῦ Κυρίου ἄμωμος ἐπιστρέφων ψυχὰς, ἡ μαρτυρία Κυρίου πιστὴ σοφίζουσα νήπια.

13 word entries

Ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

νόμος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: νόμος
Transliteration: nomos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: law
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Law, custom, or instruction.
Occurrences: 332

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Κυρίου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

ἄμωμος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἄμωμος
Transliteration: amomos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

ἐπιστρέφων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπιστρέφων
Transliteration: epistrephon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

ψυχὰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ψυχή
Transliteration: psyche
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: soul, life
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Soul, life, self, or living being.
Occurrences: 809

ἡ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

μαρτυρία

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μαρτυρία
Transliteration: martyria
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

Κυρίου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

πιστὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πιστὴ
Transliteration: piste
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

σοφίζουσα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: σοφίζουσα
Transliteration: sophizoysa
Morphology: present active participle, nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: doing/being ...
Part of Speech: participle
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

νήπια

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: νήπια
Transliteration: nepia
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 18

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܬܕܠܚܬ ܘܙܥܬ ܐܪܥܐ ܘܫܬܐ̈ܣܐ ܕܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܙ̈ܥܝ ܘܐܬܬܠܚܝ ܡܛܠ ܕܐܬܚܡܬ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ

10 word entries

ܐܬܕܠܚܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >TDLXT
Morphology: @>T@DLX[T=
Occurrences: 0

ܘܙܥܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WZ<T
Morphology: W-Z(W<[T=
Occurrences: 0

ܐܪܥܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >R<>
Morphology: >R</~>
Occurrences: 0

ܘܫܬܐ̈ܣܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WCT>"S>
Morphology: W-CT>S(>/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܛܘܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DVWR">
Morphology: D-VWR/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܙ̈ܥܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: Z"<J
Morphology: Z(W<[J=
Occurrences: 0

ܘܐܬܬܠܚܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>TTLXJ
Morphology: W-@>T@TLX[J=
Occurrences: 0

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MVL
Morphology: MVL
Occurrences: 0

ܕܐܬܚܡܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: D>TXMT
Morphology: D-@>T@XMT[:d
Occurrences: 0

ܥܠܝܗܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <LJHWN
Morphology: <L&J-HWN
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְאִתְרְגִיפַת וְאִתְרְגִישַׁת אַרְעָא וְאֻשְׁיָת טוּרַיָא זְעוּ וְאִתְרְטִישׁוּ מְטוּל דִתְקֵיף לֵיהּ׃

10 word entries

וְאִתְרְגִיפַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתרגיפת
Transliteration: w'trgypt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

וְאִתְרְגִישַׁת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתרגישת
Transliteration: w'trgysht
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

אַרְעָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ארע
Transliteration: 'r''
Morphology: noun feminine singular emphatic
Gloss: earth, land
Occurrences: 1735

וְאֻשְׁיָת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אשית
Transliteration: w'shyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

טוּרַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טוריא
Transliteration: twry'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 123

זְעוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זעו
Transliteration: z'w
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 26

וְאִתְרְטִישׁוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתרטישו
Transliteration: w'trtyshw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 7

מְטוּל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טול
Transliteration: mtwl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 322

דִתְקֵיף

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תקיף
Transliteration: dtqyp
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 178

לֵיהּ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ליה
Transliteration: lyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1154

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Lex Domini immaculata, convertens animas; testimonium Domini fidele, sapientiam præstans parvulis.

11 word entries

lex

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lex
Transliteration: lex
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 596

Domini

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Domini
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

inmaculata

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: immaculatus
Transliteration: inmaculata
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 73

convertens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: conuerto
Transliteration: convertens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 343

animas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: anima
Transliteration: animas
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 916

testimonium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: testimonium
Transliteration: testimonium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 298

Domini

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Domini
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

fidele

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fidelis
Transliteration: fidele
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 132

sapientiam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sapientia
Transliteration: sapientiam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 345

praestans

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: praestans
Transliteration: praestans
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 3

parvulis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: paruulus
Transliteration: parvulis
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 137

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 18

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Psalms 21:9

Psalms 11:6

Amos 4:11

Numbers 16:35

Daniel 7:10

Genesis 19:28

Leviticus 10:2

Revelation 11:5

Psalms 104:32

Numbers 11:1

Psalms 74:1

Deuteronomy 29:20