Lamentations 5

World English Bible, Verse 3

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³ We are orphans and fatherless. Our mothers are as widows.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Lamentations 5:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 50

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

יְתוֹמִ֤ים הָיִ֙ינוּ֙ אין אָ֔ב אִמֹּתֵ֖ינוּ כְּאַלְמָנֽוֹת׃

7 word entries

יְתוֹמִ֤ים

Lemma: 3490
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3490
Occurrences: 27

הָיִ֨ינוּ֙

Lemma: 1961
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 1rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 1660

אין

Lemma: 369
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H369
Occurrences: 460

וְאֵ֣ין

Lemma: c/369
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H369
Occurrences: 265

אָ֔ב

Lemma: 1
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1
Occurrences: 995

אִמֹּתֵ֖ינוּ

Lemma: 517
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H517
Occurrences: 165

כְּאַלְמָנֽוֹת

Lemma: k/490
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine plural absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H490
Occurrences: 2

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὀρφανοὶ ἐγενήθημεν, οὐχ ὑπάρχει πατὴρ, μητέρες ἡμῶν ὡς αἱ χῆραι.

10 word entries

Ὀρφανοὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ὀρφανοὶ
Transliteration: orphanoi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἐγενήθημεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἐγενήθημεν
Transliteration: egenethemen
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἐγενήθημεν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

οὐχ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

ὑπάρχει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὑπάρχει
Transliteration: yparchei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 25

πατὴρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πατήρ
Transliteration: pater
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: father
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Father or ancestor.
Occurrences: 1228

μητέρες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μητέρες
Transliteration: meteres
Morphology: nominative/vocative plural masculine/feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

ἡμῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

ὡς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὡς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: as, like, when
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 1899

αἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

χῆραι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: χῆραι
Transliteration: cherai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܝܬ̈ܡܐ ܗܘ̣ܝܢ ܕܠܐ ܐܒܐ. ܘܐܡ̈ܗܬܢ̣ ܐܝܟ ܐܪ̈ܡܠܬܐ

7 word entries

ܝܬ̈ܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܬܡܐ
Transliteration: ytm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 8

ܗܘ̣ܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܘܝܢ
Transliteration: hwyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 68

ܕܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܠܐ
Transliteration: dl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1157

ܐܒܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܐܒܐ
Transliteration: abba
Morphology: noun, emphatic singular
Gloss: father
Occurrences: 40

ܘܐܡ̈ܗܬܢ̣

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܡܗܬܢ
Transliteration: w'mhtn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܐܪ̈ܡܠܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܪܡܠܬܐ
Transliteration: 'rmlt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 16

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

הֲוֵינָן מְתִילִין לְיַתְמִין דְלֵית לְהוֹן אַבָּא אִמְהָתָנָא כְאַרְמְלָן דַאֲזָלוּ גַבְרֵיהוֹן בְּקִרְוֵי יַמָּא וּמְסַפְּקָא לְהוֹן אִם אִינוּן קַיָּימִין׃

17 word entries

הֲוֵינָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הוינן
Transliteration: hwynn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

מְתִילִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תילין
Transliteration: mtylyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

לְיַתְמִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתמין
Transliteration: lytmyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 5

דְלֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לית
Transliteration: dlyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 629

לְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הון
Transliteration: lhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1262

אַבָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אבא
Transliteration: 'b'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 153

אִמְהָתָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אמהתנא
Transliteration: 'mhtn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

כְאַרְמְלָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארמלן
Transliteration: k'rmln
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 7

דַאֲזָלוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אזלו
Transliteration: d'zlw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 118

גַבְרֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גבריהון
Transliteration: gbryhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 22

בְּקִרְוֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קרוי
Transliteration: bqrwy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 94

יַמָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ימא
Transliteration: ym'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 284

וּמְסַפְּקָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מספקא
Transliteration: wmspq'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

לְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הון
Transliteration: lhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1262

אִם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אם
Transliteration: 'm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 306

אִינוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אינון
Transliteration: 'ynwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 449

קַיָּימִין׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קיימין
Transliteration: qyymyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 10

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Pupilli facti sumus absque patre, matres nostræ quasi viduæ.

9 word entries

pupilli

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pupillus
Transliteration: pupilli
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 43

facti

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: facio
Transliteration: facti
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 4719

sumus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: sumus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

absque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: absque
Transliteration: absque
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 208

patre

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pater
Transliteration: patre
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1575

matres

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mater
Transliteration: matres
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 321

nostrae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: noster
Transliteration: nostrae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1263

quasi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quasi
Transliteration: quasi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 989

viduae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uiduus
Transliteration: viduae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 4

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Lamentations 5

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