Lamentations 5

World English Bible, Verse 21

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²¹ Turn us to yourself, Yahweh, and we will be turned. Renew our days as of old.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Lamentations 5:21. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 58

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

הֲשִׁיבֵ֨נוּ יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ ונשוב חַדֵּ֥שׁ יָמֵ֖ינוּ כְּקֶֽדֶם׃

8 word entries

הֲשִׁיבֵ֨נוּ

Lemma: 7725
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil imperative 2rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7725
Occurrences: 534

יְהוָ֤ה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

אֵלֶ֨יךָ֙

Lemma: 413
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H413
Occurrences: 5170

ונשוב

Lemma: c/7725
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal imperfect 1rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7725
Occurrences: 428

וְֽנָשׁ֔וּבָה

Lemma: c/7725
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal cohortative 1rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7725
Occurrences: 428

חַדֵּ֥שׁ

Lemma: 2318
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel imperative 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2318
Occurrences: 4

יָמֵ֖ינוּ

Lemma: 3117
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3117
Occurrences: 731

כְּקֶֽדֶם

Lemma: k/6924 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6924
Occurrences: 2

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἐπίστρεψον ἡμᾶς Κύριε πρὸς σὲ, καὶ ἐπιστραφησόμεθα· καὶ ἀνακαίνισον ἡμέρας ἡμῶν καθὼς ἔμπροσθεν.

13 word entries

Ἐπίστρεψον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπίστρεψον
Transliteration: epistrepson
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 23

ἡμᾶς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

Κύριε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

πρὸς

Status: Machine-aligned lexicon entry
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
Note: Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
Lemma: πρὸς
Transliteration: pros
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with/toward
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: with/toward
Strong's: G4314
Occurrences: 3989

σὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐπιστραφησόμεθα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐπιστραφησόμεθα
Transliteration: epistraphesometha
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀνακαίνισον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀνακαίνισον
Transliteration: anakainison
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἡμέρας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἡμέρα
Transliteration: hemera
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: day
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Day.
Occurrences: 2366

ἡμῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

καθὼς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καθώς
Transliteration: kathos
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: just as, according as
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 258

ἔμπροσθεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔμπροσθεν
Transliteration: emprosthen
Morphology: adverb/preposition
Gloss: before, in front of
Part of Speech: adverb/preposition
Definition: Before, in front of, or in the presence of.
Occurrences: 128

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܦܢܢ ܡܪܝܐ ܠܘܬܟ̣ ܘܢܬܦ̣ܢܐ. ܚܕܬ ܝܘܡ̈ܬܢ̣ ܐܝܟ ܕܡܢ ܩܕܝܡ

9 word entries

ܐܦܢܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܦܢܢ
Transliteration: 'pnn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5

ܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: maryah
Morphology: divine title, emphatic form
Gloss: Lord
Occurrences: 2917

ܠܘܬܟ̣

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܘܬܟ
Transliteration: lwtk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 81

ܘܢܬܦ̣ܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܬܦܢܐ
Transliteration: wntpn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

ܚܕܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܕܬ
Transliteration: hdt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 5

ܝܘܡ̈ܬܢ̣

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܘܡܬܢ
Transliteration: ywmtn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܕܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܢ
Transliteration: dmn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 417

ܩܕܝܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܕܝܡ
Transliteration: qdym
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 83

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אָתֵיב יְיָ יָתָנָא לְוָתָךְ וְנִיתּוּב בִּתְיוּבְתָּא שְׁלֵימְתָּא תְּחַדֵּת יוֹמָנָא לְטָב כִּזְמַן יוֹמַיָּא טָבַיָּא דַהֲווֹ מִלְקַדְמִין׃

15 word entries

אָתֵיב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתיב
Transliteration: 'tyb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 222

יְיָ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 3908

יָתָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתנא
Transliteration: ytn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 56

לְוָתָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ותך
Transliteration: lwtk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 68

וְנִיתּוּב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ניתוב
Transliteration: wnytwb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

בִּתְיוּבְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תיובתא
Transliteration: btywbt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 31

שְׁלֵימְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שלימתא
Transliteration: shlymt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 3

תְּחַדֵּת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תחדת
Transliteration: tchdt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

יוֹמָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יומנא
Transliteration: ywmn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 16

לְטָב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לטב
Transliteration: ltb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 9

כִּזְמַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זמן
Transliteration: kzmn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 157

יוֹמַיָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יומיא
Transliteration: ywmy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 182

טָבַיָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טביא
Transliteration: tby'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 21

דַהֲווֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הוו
Transliteration: dhww
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 399

מִלְקַדְמִין׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לקדמין
Transliteration: mlqdmyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 37

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Converte nos, Domine, ad te, et convertemur; innova dies nostros, sicut a principio.

13 word entries

converte

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: conuerto
Transliteration: converte
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 343

nos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nos
Transliteration: nos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1585

Domine

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Domine
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tu
Transliteration: te
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4602

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

convertemur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: conuerto
Transliteration: convertemur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 343

innova

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: innouo
Transliteration: innova
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 9

dies

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dies
Transliteration: dies
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2559

nostros

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: noster
Transliteration: nostros
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1263

sicut

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sicut
Transliteration: sicut
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 1559

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ab
Transliteration: a
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3693

principio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: principium
Transliteration: principio
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: beginning
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: beginning, origin, foundation, principle
Etymology: From Latin princeps/principium language of firstness, beginning, or foundation.
Occurrences: 65

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Psalms 80:3

Turn us again, God. Cause your face to shine, and we will be saved.

14 relevance votes

Psalms 80:7

Turn us again, God of Armies. Cause your face to shine, and we will be saved.

11 relevance votes

Psalms 85:4

Turn us, God of our salvation, and cause your indignation toward us to cease.

9 relevance votes

Psalms 80:19

Turn us again, Yahweh God of Armies. Cause your face to shine, and we will be saved.

8 relevance votes

Jeremiah 31:18

“I have surely heard Ephraim grieving thus, ‘You have chastised me, and I was chastised, as an untrained calf. Turn me, and I will be turned, for you are Yahweh my God.

8 relevance votes

Ezekiel 36:37

“‘The Lord Yahweh says: “For this, moreover, I will be inquired of by the house of Israel, to do it for them: I will increase them with men like a flock.

5 relevance votes

Jeremiah 33:10

Yahweh says: “Yet again there will be heard in this place, about which you say, ‘It is waste, without man and without animal, even in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, that are desolate, without man and without inhabitant and without animal,’

4 relevance votes

Habakkuk 3:2

Yahweh, I have heard of your fame. I stand in awe of your deeds, Yahweh. Renew your work in the middle of the years. In the middle of the years make it known. In wrath, you remember mercy.

4 relevance votes

Jeremiah 31:4

I will build you again, and you will be built, O virgin of Israel. You will again be adorned with your tambourines, and will go out in the dances of those who make merry.

3 relevance votes

1 Kings 18:37

Hear me, Yahweh, hear me, that this people may know that you, Yahweh, are God, and that you have turned their heart back again.”

3 relevance votes

Jeremiah 33:13

In the cities of the hill country, in the cities of the lowland, in the cities of the South, in the land of Benjamin, in the places around Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, the flocks will again pass under the hands of him who counts them,” says Yahweh.

3 relevance votes

Malachi 3:4

Then the offering of Judah and Jerusalem will be pleasant to Yahweh as in the days of old and as in ancient years.

2 relevance votes

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