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World English Bible

Judges 18

World English Bible, Verse 8

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⁸ They came to their brothers at Zorah and Eshtaol; and their brothers asked them, “What do you say?”

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Judges 18:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 65

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־אֲחֵיהֶ֔ם צָרְעָ֖ה וְאֶשְׁתָּאֹ֑ל וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם אֲחֵיהֶ֖ם מָ֥ה אַתֶּֽם׃

10 word entries

וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙

Lemma: c/935
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H935
Occurrences: 984

אֶל

Lemma: 413
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H413
Occurrences: 5170

אֲחֵיהֶ֔ם

Lemma: 251
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H251
Occurrences: 455

צָרְעָ֖ה

Lemma: 6881
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6881
Occurrences: 5

וְאֶשְׁתָּאֹ֑ל

Lemma: c/847
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H847
Occurrences: 2

וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ

Lemma: c/559
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H559
Occurrences: 3026

לָהֶ֛ם

Lemma: l
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 4413

אֲחֵיהֶ֖ם

Lemma: 251
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H251
Occurrences: 455

מָ֥ה

Lemma: 4100
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H4100
Occurrences: 449

אַתֶּֽם

Lemma: 859 d
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H859
Occurrences: 213

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἦλθον οἱ πέντε ἄνδρες πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτῶν εἰς Σαραὰ καὶ Ἐσθαὸλ, καὶ εἶπον τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτῶν, τί ὑμεῖς κάθησθε;

21 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἦλθον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔρχομαι
Transliteration: elthon
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 1st singular or 3rd plural
Gloss: I/they came
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To come, go, or move toward.
Occurrences: 656

οἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πέντε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πέντε
Transliteration: pente
Morphology: numeral, indeclinable
Gloss: five
Part of Speech: numeral
Definition: The numeral five.
Occurrences: 215

ἄνδρες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνήρ
Transliteration: andres
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative plural
Gloss: men
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Man, male, husband.
Occurrences: 1573

πρὸς

Status: Machine-aligned lexicon entry
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
Note: Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
Lemma: πρὸς
Transliteration: pros
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with/toward
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: with/toward
Strong's: G4314
Occurrences: 3989

τοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἀδελφοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀδελφός
Transliteration: adelphos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: brother
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Brother, kinsman, or member of a people.
Occurrences: 739

αὐτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

Σαραὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σαραὰ
Transliteration: saraa
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Ἐσθαὸλ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἐσθαὸλ
Transliteration: esthaol
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἐσθαὸλ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

εἶπον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λέγω
Transliteration: eipon
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 1st singular or 3rd plural
Gloss: I/they said
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To say or speak.
Occurrences: 5490

τοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἀδελφοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀδελφός
Transliteration: adelphos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: brother
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Brother, kinsman, or member of a people.
Occurrences: 739

αὐτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

τί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τίς
Transliteration: tis
Morphology: interrogative/indefinite pronoun
Gloss: who, someone
Part of Speech: interrogative/indefinite pronoun
Definition: Interrogative or indefinite pronoun depending on accent/context.
Occurrences: 1124

ὑμεῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

κάθησθε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: κάθησθε
Transliteration: kathesthe
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܐܬܘ ܠܘܬ ܐܚܝ̈ܗܘܢ ܠܨܕܥܐ ܘܠܐܫܬܘܐܝܠ ܘܐܡܪ̈ܝܢ ܠܗܘܢ ܐ̈ܚܝܗܘܢ ܐܝܡܟܐ ܐܬܝܬܘܢ

10 word entries

ܘܐܬܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>TW
Morphology: W->T(J[W
Occurrences: 0

ܠܘܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LWT
Morphology: LWT
Occurrences: 0

ܐܚܝ̈ܗܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >XJ"HWN
Morphology: >X/J-HWN
Occurrences: 0

ܠܨܕܥܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LYD<>
Morphology: L-YD<>/
Occurrences: 0

ܘܠܐܫܬܘܐܝܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WL>CTW>JL
Morphology: W-L->CTW>JL/
Occurrences: 0

ܘܐܡܪ̈ܝܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>MR"JN
Morphology: W->MR[/JN
Occurrences: 0

ܠܗܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LHWN
Morphology: L-HWN
Occurrences: 0

ܐ̈ܚܝܗܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >"XJHWN
Morphology: >X/J-HWN
Occurrences: 0

ܐܝܡܟܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >JMK>
Morphology: >JMK>
Occurrences: 0

ܐܬܝܬܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >TJTWN
Morphology: >TJ[TWN
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וַאֲתוֹ לְוַת אֲחוּהוֹן צָרְעָה וְאֶשְׁתָּאוֹל וַאֲמַרוּ לְהוֹן אֲחוּהוֹן מָה אַתּוּן׃

10 word entries

וַאֲתוֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתו
Transliteration: w'tw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 255

לְוַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לות
Transliteration: lwt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 430

אֲחוּהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אחוהון
Transliteration: 'chwhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 35

צָרְעָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צרעה
Transliteration: tsr'h
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 12

וְאֶשְׁתָּאוֹל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אשתאול
Transliteration: w'sht'wl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

וַאֲמַרוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אמרו
Transliteration: w'mrw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 310

לְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הון
Transliteration: lhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1262

אֲחוּהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אחוהון
Transliteration: 'chwhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 35

מָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מה
Transliteration: mh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 417

אַתּוּן׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתון
Transliteration: 'twn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 317

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Reversique ad fratres suos in Saraa et Esthaol, et quid egissent sciscitantibus responderunt:

14 word entries

reversique

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: reuertor
Transliteration: reversique
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 578

{reversique}

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: que
Transliteration: {reversique}
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4392

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

fratres

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: frater
Transliteration: fratres
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1060

suos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

Saraa

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sara
Transliteration: Saraa
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 1

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Esthaol

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Esthaol
Transliteration: Esthaol
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 6

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

quid

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quis
Transliteration: quid
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1619

egissent

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ago
Transliteration: egissent
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 366

sciscitantibus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sciscitor
Transliteration: sciscitantibus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 9

responderunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: respondeo
Transliteration: responderunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 851

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Judges 18:11

The family of the Danites set out from Zorah and Eshtaol with six hundred men armed with weapons of war.

3 relevance votes

Judges 18:2

The children of Dan sent five men of their family from their whole number, men of valor, from Zorah and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land and to search it. They said to them, “Go, explore the land!” They came to the hill country of Ephraim, to the house of Micah, and lodged there.

3 relevance votes

Judges 16:31

Then his brothers and all the house of his father came down and took him, and brought him up and buried him between Zorah and Eshtaol in the burial site of Manoah his father. He judged Israel twenty years.

2 relevance votes

Judges 13:2

There was a certain man of Zorah, of the family of the Danites, whose name was Manoah; and his wife was barren, and childless.

2 relevance votes

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