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World English Bible

Judges 18

World English Bible, Verse 23

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²³ As they called to the children of Dan, they turned their faces, and said to Micah, “What ails you, that you come with such a company?”

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Judges 18:23. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 66

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַֽיִּקְרְאוּ֙ אֶל־בְּנֵי ־דָ֔ן וַיַּסֵּ֖בּוּ פְּנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לְמִיכָ֔ה מַה־לְּךָ֖ כִּ֥י נִזְעָֽקְתָּ׃

12 word entries

וַֽיִּקְרְאוּ֙

Lemma: c/7121
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7121
Occurrences: 350

אֶל

Lemma: 413
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H413
Occurrences: 5170

בְּנֵי

Lemma: 1121 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1121
Occurrences: 4020

דָ֔ן

Lemma: 1835
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1835
Occurrences: 55

וַיַּסֵּ֖בּוּ

Lemma: c/5437
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5437
Occurrences: 67

פְּנֵיהֶ֑ם

Lemma: 6440
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6440
Occurrences: 630

וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ

Lemma: c/559
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H559
Occurrences: 3026

לְמִיכָ֔ה

Lemma: l/4318
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4318
Occurrences: 1

מַה

Lemma: 4100
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H4100
Occurrences: 449

לְּךָ֖

Lemma: l
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 4413

כִּ֥י

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

נִזְעָֽקְתָּ

Lemma: 2199
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal perfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2199
Occurrences: 23

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἐπέστρεψαν οἱ υἱοὶ Δὰν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν, καὶ εἶπαν τῷ Μιχαίᾳ, τί ἐστί σοι, ὅτι ἐβόησας;

17 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐπέστρεψαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπέστρεψαν
Transliteration: epestrepsan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 30

οἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

υἱοὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: υἱός
Transliteration: huios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: son
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Son, descendant, or member of a group.
Occurrences: 4805

Δὰν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Δάν
Transliteration: Dan
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Dan
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Dan, a patriarchal and tribal name.
Occurrences: 75

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πρόσωπον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πρόσωπον
Transliteration: prosopon
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: face, presence
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Face, presence, person, or front.
Occurrences: 1170

αὐτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

εἶπαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λέγω
Transliteration: eipan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they said
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To say or speak.
Occurrences: 5490

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Μιχαίᾳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: μιχαίᾳ
Transliteration: michaia
Morphology: dative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

τί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τίς
Transliteration: tis
Morphology: interrogative/indefinite pronoun
Gloss: who, someone
Part of Speech: interrogative/indefinite pronoun
Definition: Interrogative or indefinite pronoun depending on accent/context.
Occurrences: 1124

ἐστί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: esti
Morphology: verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it is
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

σοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

ἐβόησας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐβόησας
Transliteration: eboesas
Morphology: aorist active participle nominative masculine singular pattern, or 2nd singular verb depending on context
Gloss: having ...
Part of Speech: participle/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܩܪܐ ܠܒܢ̈ܝ ܕܢ ܘܐܬܦܢܝܘ ܘܐܡܪܘ ܠܡܝܟܐ ܡܐ ܠܟ ܕܩܥܐ ܐܢܬ

10 word entries

ܘܩܪܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WQR>
Morphology: W-QR(J&>[
Occurrences: 0

ܠܒܢ̈ܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LBN"J
Morphology: L-BN/J
Occurrences: 0

ܕܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DN
Morphology: DN/
Occurrences: 0

ܘܐܬܦܢܝܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>TPNJW
Morphology: W-@>T@PNJ[W
Occurrences: 0

ܘܐܡܪܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>MRW
Morphology: W->MR[W
Occurrences: 0

ܠܡܝܟܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LMJK>
Morphology: L-MJK>/
Occurrences: 0

ܡܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: M>
Morphology: M>
Occurrences: 0

ܠܟ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LK
Morphology: L-K
Occurrences: 0

ܕܩܥܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DQ<>
Morphology: D-Q<(J&>[/
Occurrences: 0

ܐܢܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >NT
Morphology: >NT
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וּקְרוֹ לִבְנֵי דָן וְאַסְחֲרוּ אַפֵּיהוֹן וַאֲמַרוּ לְמִיכָה מַה לָךְ אֲרֵי אִתְכְּנִישְׁתָּא׃

11 word entries

וּקְרוֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קרו
Transliteration: wqrw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 36

לִבְנֵי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בר
Transliteration: lbny
Morphology: prefixed preposition ל + noun plural construct
Gloss: to/for sons, children of
Occurrences: 2734

דָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דן
Transliteration: dn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 44

וְאַסְחֲרוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אסחרו
Transliteration: w'schrw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 11

אַפֵּיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אפיהון
Transliteration: 'pyhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 56

וַאֲמַרוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אמרו
Transliteration: w'mrw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 310

לְמִיכָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מיכה
Transliteration: lmykh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 5

מַה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מה
Transliteration: mh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 417

לָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לך
Transliteration: lk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 468

אֲרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארי
Transliteration: 'ry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1969

אִתְכְּנִישְׁתָּא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתכנישתא
Transliteration: 'tknysht'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

et post tergum clamare cœperunt. Qui cum respexissent, dixerunt ad Micham: Quid tibi vis? cur clamas?

16 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

post

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: post
Transliteration: post
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 621

tergum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tergum
Transliteration: tergum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 46

clamare

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: clamo
Transliteration: clamare
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 305

coeperunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: coepio
Transliteration: coeperunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 262

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5272

respexissent

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: respicio
Transliteration: respexissent
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 203

dixerunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dico
Transliteration: dixerunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6477

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

Micham

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Michas
Transliteration: Micham
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 16

quid

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quis
Transliteration: quid
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1619

tibi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tu
Transliteration: tibi
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4602

vis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uolo
Transliteration: vis
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 538

cur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cur
Transliteration: cur
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 72

clamas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: clamo
Transliteration: clamas
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 305

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Judges 18

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