38 Pilate said to him, “What is truth?” When he had said this, he went out again to the Jews, and said to them, “I find no basis for a charge against him.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to John 18:38. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
93
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Πιλάτος, Τί ἐστιν ἀλήθεια; Καὶ τοῦτο εἰπών, πάλιν ἐξῆλθε πρὸς τοὺς Ἰουδαίους, καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, Ἐγὼ οὐδεμίαν αἰτίαν εὑρίσκω ἐν αὐτῷ.
24 word entries
Λέγει
αὐτῷ
ὁ
Πιλάτος
Τί
ἐστιν
ἀλήθεια
Καὶ
τοῦτο
εἰπών
πάλιν
ἐξῆλθε
πρὸς
τοὺς
Ἰουδαίους
καὶ
λέγει
αὐτοῖς
Ἐγὼ
οὐδεμίαν
αἰτίαν
εὑρίσκω
ἐν
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Πειλᾶτος· τί ἐστιν ἀλήθεια; καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν πάλιν ἐξῆλθεν πρὸς τοὺς Ἰουδαίους, καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· ἐγὼ οὐδεμίαν εὑρίσκω ἐν αὐτῷ αἰτίαν.
24 word entries
ὁ
ἐστιν
καὶ
πρὸς
τοὺς
καὶ
ἐν
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܦܝܠܛܘܣ ܡܢܘ ܫܪܪܐ ܘܟܕ ܐܡܪ ܗܕܐ ܢܦܩ ܠܗ ܬܘܒ ܠܘܬ ܝܗܘܕܝܐ ܘܐܡܪ ܠܗܘܢ ܐܢܐ ܐܦܠܐ ܚܕܐ ܥܠܬܐ ܡܫܟܚ ܐܢܐ ܒܗ
22 word entries
ܐܡܪ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܡܪ
- Transliteration
- emar
- Morphology
- verb root/form
- Gloss
- said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 885
ܠܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗ
- Transliteration
- lh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1592
ܦܝܠܛܘܣ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܝܠܛܘܣ
- Transliteration
- pyltws
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 53
ܡܢܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢܘ
- Transliteration
- mnw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 109
ܫܪܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܪܪܐ
- Transliteration
- shrr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 33
ܘܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܟܕ
- Transliteration
- wkd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 429
ܐܡܪ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܡܪ
- Transliteration
- emar
- Morphology
- verb root/form
- Gloss
- said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 885
ܗܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܕܐ
- Transliteration
- hd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 325
ܢܦܩ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܦܩ
- Transliteration
- npq
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 62
ܠܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗ
- Transliteration
- lh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1592
ܬܘܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܘܒ
- Transliteration
- twb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 138
ܠܘܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܘܬ
- Transliteration
- lwt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 245
ܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Transliteration
- yhwdy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 124
ܘܐܡܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܡܪ
- Transliteration
- w'mr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 651
ܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 830
ܐܢܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܐ
- Transliteration
- ena
- Morphology
- personal pronoun, first common singular
- Gloss
- I
- Occurrences
- 1361
ܐܦܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܦܠܐ
- Transliteration
- 'pl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 67
ܚܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܕܐ
- Transliteration
- hd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 120
ܥܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- 'lt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 22
ܡܫܟܚ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܫܟܚ
- Transliteration
- mshkh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 106
ܐܢܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܐ
- Transliteration
- ena
- Morphology
- personal pronoun, first common singular
- Gloss
- I
- Occurrences
- 1361
ܒܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗ
- Transliteration
- bh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 343
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Dicit ei Pilatus: Quid est veritas? Et cum hoc dixisset, iterum exivit ad Judæos, et dicit eis: Ego nullam invenio in eo causam.
23 word entries
dicit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dicit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
ei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- ei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
Pilatus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Pilatus
- Transliteration
- Pilatus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 55
quid
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quis
- Transliteration
- quid
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1619
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
veritas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ueritas
- Transliteration
- veritas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 269
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
cum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cum
- Transliteration
- cum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 5272
hoc
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- hoc
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
dixisset
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dixisset
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
iterum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iterum
- Transliteration
- iterum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 168
exivit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- exeo
- Transliteration
- exivit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 321
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
Iudaeos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iudaei
- Transliteration
- Iudaeos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 362
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
dicit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dicit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
eis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
ego
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ego
- Transliteration
- ego
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 6108
nullam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nullus
- Transliteration
- nullam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 196
invenio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inuenio
- Transliteration
- invenio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 682
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
eo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
causam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- causa
- Transliteration
- causam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 156
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
John 19:4
Then Pilate went out again, and said to them, “Behold, I bring him out to you, that you may know that I find no basis for a charge against him.”
7 relevance votesLuke 23:4
Pilate said to the chief priests and the multitudes, “I find no basis for a charge against this man.”
5 relevance votesJohn 19:6
When therefore the chief priests and the officers saw him, they shouted, saying, “Crucify! Crucify!” Pilate said to them, “Take him yourselves and crucify him, for I find no basis for a charge against him.”
5 relevance votesActs 17:32
Now when they heard of the resurrection of the dead, some mocked; but others said, “We want to hear you again concerning this.”
3 relevance votesMark 15:14
Pilate said to them, “Why, what evil has he done?” But they cried out exceedingly, “Crucify him!”
2 relevance votesMatthew 27:24
So when Pilate saw that nothing was being gained, but rather that a disturbance was starting, he took water and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, “I am innocent of the blood of this righteous person. You see to it.”
2 relevance votes1 Peter 1:19
but with precious blood, as of a lamb without blemish or spot, the blood of Christ,
2 relevance votes