28 They led Jesus therefore from Caiaphas into the Praetorium. It was early, and they themselves didn’t enter into the Praetorium, that they might not be defiled, but might eat the Passover.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to John 18:28. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
96
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ἄγουσιν οὖν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ Καϊάφα εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον· ἦν δὲ πρωΐα, καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐκ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον, ἵνα μὴ μιανθῶσιν, ἀλλ᾿ ἵνα φάγωσι τὸ Πάσχα.
28 word entries
Ἄγουσιν
οὖν
τὸν
Ἰησοῦν
ἀπὸ
τοῦ
Καϊάφα
εἰς
τὸ
πραιτώριον
- Lemma
- praitwrion
- Transliteration
- praitwrion
- Morphology
- Greek: noun accusative singular neuter
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G4232
- Occurrences
- 6
ἦν
δὲ
πρωΐα
καὶ
αὐτοὶ
οὐκ
εἰσῆλθον
εἰς
τὸ
πραιτώριον
- Lemma
- praitwrion
- Transliteration
- praitwrion
- Morphology
- Greek: noun accusative singular neuter
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G4232
- Occurrences
- 6
ἵνα
μὴ
μιανθῶσιν
ἀλλ᾿
ἵνα
φάγωσι
τὸ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Ἄγουσιν οὖν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ Καϊάφα εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον· ἦν δὲ πρωΐ· καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐκ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον, ἵνα μὴ μιανθῶσιν ἀλλὰ φάγωσιν τὸ πάσχα.
27 word entries
τὸν
τοῦ
τὸ
πραιτώριον·
- Lemma
- πραιτώριον
- Morphology
- N-ASN
- Part of Speech
- N
- Strong's
- G4232
- Occurrences
- 8
ἦν
καὶ
εἰσῆλθον
- Lemma
- εἰσέρχομαι
- Morphology
- V-2AAI-3P
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G1525
- Occurrences
- 195
τὸ
πραιτώριον,
- Lemma
- πραιτώριον
- Morphology
- N-ASN
- Part of Speech
- N
- Strong's
- G4232
- Occurrences
- 8
τὸ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܝܬܝܘܗܝ ܕܝܢ ܠܝܫܘܥ ܡܢ ܠܘܬ ܩܝܦܐ ܠܦܪܛܘܪܝܢ ܘܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܗܘܐ ܨܦܪܐ ܘܗܢܘܢ ܠܐ ܥܠܘ ܠܦܪܛܘܪܝܢ ܕܠܐ ܢܬܛܘܫܘܢ ܥܕ ܐܟܠܝܢ ܦܨܚܐ
19 word entries
ܐܝܬܝܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܬܝܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- 'ytywhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5
ܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1830
ܠܝܫܘܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܝܫܘܥ
- Transliteration
- lyshw'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 75
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܠܘܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܘܬ
- Transliteration
- lwt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 245
ܩܝܦܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܝܦܐ
- Transliteration
- qyp'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 7
ܠܦܪܛܘܪܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܦܪܛܘܪܝܢ
- Transliteration
- lprtwryn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܘܐܝܬܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܝܬܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- w'ytwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 15
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1535
ܨܦܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܨܦܪܐ
- Transliteration
- spr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 12
ܘܗܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܗܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- whnwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 55
ܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܠܐ
- Transliteration
- la
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 1681
ܥܠܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠܘ
- Transliteration
- 'lw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 11
ܠܦܪܛܘܪܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܦܪܛܘܪܝܢ
- Transliteration
- lprtwryn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܢܬܛܘܫܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܬܛܘܫܘܢ
- Transliteration
- nttwshwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܥܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܕ
- Transliteration
- 'd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 22
ܐܟܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܟܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- 'klyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 14
ܦܨܚܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܨܚܐ
- Transliteration
- psh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 21
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Adducunt ergo Jesum a Caipha in prætorium. Erat autem mane: et ipsi non introierunt in prætorium, ut non contaminarentur, sed ut manducarent Pascha.
22 word entries
adducunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- adduco
- Transliteration
- adducunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 281
ergo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ergo
- Transliteration
- ergo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1237
Iesum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iesus
- Transliteration
- Iesum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 970
a
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ab
- Transliteration
- a
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3693
Caiapha
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Caiphas
- Transliteration
- Caiapha
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 9
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
praetorium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- praetorium
- Transliteration
- praetorium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8
erat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- erat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
mane
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mane
- Transliteration
- mane
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 203
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
ipsi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ipse
- Transliteration
- ipsi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2134
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
introierunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- introeo
- Transliteration
- introierunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 159
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
praetorium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- praetorium
- Transliteration
- praetorium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8
ut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ut
- Transliteration
- ut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4533
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
contaminarentur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- contamino
- Transliteration
- contaminarentur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 60
sed
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sed
- Transliteration
- sed
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1637
manducarent
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- manduco
- Transliteration
- manducarent
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 177
pascha
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pascha
- Transliteration
- pascha
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 35
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
John 18:33
Pilate therefore entered again into the Praetorium, called Jesus, and said to him, “Are you the King of the Jews?”
8 relevance votesJohn 19:9
He entered into the Praetorium again, and said to Jesus, “Where are you from?” But Jesus gave him no answer.
7 relevance votesMatthew 27:27
Then the governor’s soldiers took Jesus into the Praetorium, and gathered the whole garrison together against him.
5 relevance votesJohn 19:14
Now it was the Preparation Day of the Passover, at about the sixth hour. He said to the Jews, “Behold, your King!”
5 relevance votesJohn 11:55
Now the Passover of the Jews was at hand. Many went up from the country to Jerusalem before the Passover, to purify themselves.
4 relevance votesActs 3:13
The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the God of our fathers, has glorified his Servant Jesus, whom you delivered up and denied in the presence of Pilate, when he had determined to release him.
4 relevance votesMicah 2:1
Woe to those who devise iniquity and work evil on their beds! When the morning is light, they practice it, because it is in the power of their hand.
3 relevance votesActs 10:28
He said to them, “You yourselves know how it is an unlawful thing for a man who is a Jew to join himself or come to one of another nation, but God has shown me that I shouldn’t call any man unholy or unclean.
3 relevance votesJohn 18:39
But you have a custom that I should release someone to you at the Passover. Therefore, do you want me to release to you the King of the Jews?”
3 relevance votesActs 11:3
saying, “You went in to uncircumcised men and ate with them!”
3 relevance votesDeuteronomy 16:2
You shall sacrifice the Passover to Yahweh your God, of the flock and the herd, in the place which Yahweh shall choose to cause his name to dwell there.
3 relevance votesPsalms 35:16
Like the profane mockers in feasts, they gnashed their teeth at me.
2 relevance votes