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World English Bible

Job 24

World English Bible, Verse 8

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⁸ They are wet with the showers of the mountains, and embrace the rock for lack of a shelter.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Job 24:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 45

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

מִזֶּ֣רֶם הָרִ֣ים יִרְטָ֑בוּ וּֽמִבְּלִ֥י מַ֝חְסֶ֗ה חִבְּקוּ־צֽוּר׃

7 word entries

מִזֶּ֣רֶם

Lemma: m/2230
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H2230
Occurrences: 3

הָרִ֣ים

Lemma: 2022
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2022
Occurrences: 206

יִרְטָ֑בוּ

Lemma: 7372
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7372
Occurrences: 1

וּֽמִבְּלִ֥י

Lemma: c/m/1097
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + preposition + particle
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1097
Occurrences: 1

מַ֝חְסֶ֗ה

Lemma: 4268
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4268
Occurrences: 19

חִבְּקוּ

Lemma: 2263
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2263
Occurrences: 7

צֽוּר

Lemma: 6697
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6697
Occurrences: 42

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἀπὸ ψεκάδων ὀρέων ὑγραίνονται· παρὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ἑαυτοὺς σκέπην, πέτραν περιεβάλοντο.

12 word entries

Ἀπὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀπό
Transliteration: apo
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, away from
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
Occurrences: 3869

ψεκάδων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ψεκάδων
Transliteration: psekadon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ὀρέων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὄρος
Transliteration: oros
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: mountain
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Mountain or hill.
Occurrences: 607

ὑγραίνονται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ὑγραίνονται
Transliteration: ygrainontai
Morphology: verb, present/future middle-passive form, 3rd plural
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

παρὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: παρά
Transliteration: para
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, beside, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided form of παρά.
Occurrences: 776

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

μὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μή
Transliteration: me
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not, lest
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle commonly used with non-indicative moods.
Occurrences: 2979

ἔχειν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἔχειν
Transliteration: echein
Morphology: present/aorist active infinitive pattern
Gloss: to ...
Part of Speech: infinitive
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 21

ἑαυτοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἑαυτοὺς
Transliteration: eaytoys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 34

σκέπην

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σκέπην
Transliteration: skepen
Morphology: accusative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 16

πέτραν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πέτραν
Transliteration: petran
Morphology: aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
Gloss: they ... / ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 24

περιεβάλοντο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: περιεβάλοντο
Transliteration: periebalonto
Morphology: verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they were ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܢ ܙܪܝܦܬܐ ܕܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܢܬܪܛܒܘܢ ܘܡܢ ܒܠܝ ܣܬܪܐ ܠܟܐ̈ܦܐ ܢܥܦܩܘܢ

9 word entries

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܙܪܝܦܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܙܪܝܦܬܐ
Transliteration: zrypt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 7

ܕܛܘܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܛܘܪܐ
Transliteration: dtwr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 42

ܢܬܪܛܒܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܬܪܛܒܘܢ
Transliteration: ntrtbwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1

ܘܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܢ
Transliteration: wmn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 827

ܒܠܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܠܝ
Transliteration: bly
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 43

ܣܬܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܬܪܐ
Transliteration: str'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 6

ܠܟܐ̈ܦܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܟܐܦܐ
Transliteration: lk'p'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 10

ܢܥܦܩܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܥܦܩܘܢ
Transliteration: n'pqwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

מִקִלוּחַיָא דְטוּרַיָא מִטַמְשִׁין וּמִדְלֵית מִשְׁרוֹי גַפַפוּ טִינְרָא׃

7 word entries

מִקִלוּחַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קלוחיא
Transliteration: mqlwchy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

דְטוּרַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טוריא
Transliteration: dtwry'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 123

מִטַמְשִׁין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טמשין
Transliteration: mtmshyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

וּמִדְלֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מדלית
Transliteration: wmdlyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

מִשְׁרוֹי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שרוי
Transliteration: mshrwy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 7

גַפַפוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גפפו
Transliteration: gppw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

טִינְרָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טינרא
Transliteration: tynr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 15

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

quos imbres montium rigant, et non habentes velamen, amplexantur lapides.

10 word entries

quos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

imbres

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: imber
Transliteration: imbres
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 33

montium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mons
Transliteration: montium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 644

rigant

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: rigo
Transliteration: rigant
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 9

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

habentes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: habeo
Transliteration: habentes
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1641

velamen

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uelamen
Transliteration: velamen
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 16

amplexantur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: amplexor
Transliteration: amplexantur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 8

lapides

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lapis
Transliteration: lapides
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 330

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Job 24

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Ranked cross references

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Song of Solomon 5:2

Hebrews 11:38