12 From out of the populous city, men groan. The soul of the wounded cries out, yet God doesn’t regard the folly.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Job 24:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
61
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
מֵ֘עִ֤יר מְתִ֨ים ׀ יִנְאָ֗קוּ וְנֶֽפֶשׁ־חֲלָלִ֥ים תְּשַׁוֵּ֑עַ וֶ֝אֱל֗וֹהַּ לֹא־יָשִׂ֥ים תִּפְלָֽה׃
10 word entries
מֵ֘עִ֤יר
מְתִ֨ים
יִנְאָ֗קוּ
וְנֶֽפֶשׁ
חֲלָלִ֥ים
תְּשַׁוֵּ֑עַ
וֶ֝אֱל֗וֹהַּ
יָשִׂ֥ים
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Οἳ ἐκ πόλεως καὶ οἴκων ἰδίων ἐξεβάλοντο, ψυχὴ δὲ νηπίων ἐστέναξε μέγα.
12 word entries
Οἳ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὅς
- Transliteration
- hoi
- Morphology
- relative pronoun, nominative masculine plural
- Gloss
- who, which
- Part of Speech
- relative pronoun
- Definition
- Relative pronoun who, which, that.
- Occurrences
- 4123
ἐκ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐκ
- Transliteration
- ek
- Morphology
- preposition with genitive
- Gloss
- from, out of
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
- Occurrences
- 3500
πόλεως
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πόλις
- Transliteration
- polis
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- city
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- City or town.
- Occurrences
- 1387
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
οἴκων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- οἴκων
- Transliteration
- oikon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 23
ἰδίων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἰδίων
- Transliteration
- idion
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 14
ἐξεβάλοντο
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐξεβάλοντο
- Transliteration
- exebalonto
- Morphology
- verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd plural pattern
- Gloss
- they were ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ψυχὴ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ψυχή
- Transliteration
- psyche
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- soul, life
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Soul, life, self, or living being.
- Occurrences
- 809
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
νηπίων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- νηπίων
- Transliteration
- nepion
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 10
ἐστέναξε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐστέναξε
- Transliteration
- estenaxe
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
μέγα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- μέγας
- Transliteration
- megas
- Morphology
- adjective, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- great, large
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Definition
- Great, large, important, or mighty.
- Occurrences
- 653
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܢ ܓܘ ܩܪܝܬܐ ܡ̈ܝܬܐ ܢܬܐܢܩܘܢ ܘܢܦܫܐ ܕܩ̈ܛܝܠܐ ܬܓܥܐ ܘܐܠܗܐ ܠܐ ܢܩܒܠ ܨܠܘܬܗܘܢ
12 word entries
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5552
ܓܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܘ
- Transliteration
- gw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 32
ܩܪܝܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܪܝܬܐ
- Transliteration
- qryt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 136
ܡ̈ܝܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܝܬܐ
- Transliteration
- myt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 80
ܢܬܐܢܩܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܬܐܢܩܘܢ
- Transliteration
- nt'nqwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܢܦܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܦܫܐ
- Transliteration
- wnpsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 21
ܕܩ̈ܛܝܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܩܛܝܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dqtyl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 12
ܬܓܥܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܓܥܐ
- Transliteration
- tg''
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- w'lh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 17
ܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܠܐ
- Transliteration
- la
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 2566
ܢܩܒܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܩܒܠ
- Transliteration
- nqbl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 12
ܨܠܘܬܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܨܠܘܬܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- slwthwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 11
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
מִקַרְתָּא בְּנֵי גָשָׁא נָהֲקִין וְנַפְשַׁת קָטוֹלִין בְּחַרְבָּא תַצְלֵי וֶאֱלָהָא לָא יְשַׁוֵי חוֹבָא׃
12 word entries
מִקַרְתָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קרתא
- Transliteration
- mqrt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 512
בְּנֵי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בר
- Transliteration
- bny
- Morphology
- noun plural construct
- Gloss
- sons, children of
- Occurrences
- 2734
גָשָׁא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גשא
- Transliteration
- gsh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
נָהֲקִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נהקין
- Transliteration
- nhqyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 2
וְנַפְשַׁת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נפשת
- Transliteration
- wnpsht
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 7
קָטוֹלִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קטולין
- Transliteration
- qtwlyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 23
בְּחַרְבָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חרבא
- Transliteration
- bchrb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 272
תַצְלֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תצלי
- Transliteration
- ttsly
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 16
וֶאֱלָהָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- אלה
- Transliteration
- w'lh'
- Morphology
- prefixed conjunction ו + noun masculine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- and God
- Occurrences
- 779
לָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- לא
- Transliteration
- l'
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 2611
יְשַׁוֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ישוי
- Transliteration
- yshwy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 26
חוֹבָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חובא
- Transliteration
- chwb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 47
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
De civitatibus fecerunt viros gemere, et anima vulneratorum clamavit: et Deus inultum abire non patitur.
15 word entries
de
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- de
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 4779
civitatibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ciuitas
- Transliteration
- civitatibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1108
fecerunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facio
- Transliteration
- fecerunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4719
viros
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uir
- Transliteration
- viros
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1641
gemere
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- gemo
- Transliteration
- gemere
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 18
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
anima
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- anima
- Transliteration
- anima
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 916
vulneratorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uulnerator
- Transliteration
- vulneratorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1
clamavit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- clamo
- Transliteration
- clamavit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 305
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Deus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Deus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
inultum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inultus
- Transliteration
- inultum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1
abire
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- abeo
- Transliteration
- abire
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 404
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
patitur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- patior
- Transliteration
- patitur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 131
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Ecclesiastes 4:1
Then I returned and saw all the oppressions that are done under the sun: and behold, the tears of those who were oppressed, and they had no comforter; and on the side of their oppressors there was power; but they had no comforter.
4 relevance votesMalachi 2:17
You have wearied Yahweh with your words. Yet you say, ‘How have we wearied him?’ In that you say, ‘Everyone who does evil is good in Yahweh’s sight, and he delights in them;’ or ‘Where is the God of justice?’
3 relevance votesPsalms 50:21
You have done these things, and I kept silent. You thought that I was just like you. I will rebuke you, and accuse you in front of your eyes.
3 relevance votesMalachi 3:15
Now we call the proud happy; yes, those who work wickedness are built up; yes, they tempt God, and escape.’
3 relevance votesJob 9:23
If the scourge kills suddenly, he will mock at the trial of the innocent.
2 relevance votesExodus 22:27
for that is his only covering, it is his garment for his skin. What would he sleep in? It will happen, when he cries to me, that I will hear, for I am gracious.
2 relevance votesPsalms 109:22
for I am poor and needy. My heart is wounded within me.
2 relevance votes2 Peter 3:15
Regard the patience of our Lord as salvation; even as our beloved brother Paul also, according to the wisdom given to him, wrote to you,
2 relevance votesPsalms 69:26
For they persecute him whom you have wounded. They tell of the sorrow of those whom you have hurt.
2 relevance votesPsalms 12:5
“Because of the oppression of the weak and because of the groaning of the needy, I will now arise,” says Yahweh; “I will set him in safety from those who malign him.”
2 relevance votesIsaiah 52:5
“Now therefore, what do I do here,” says Yahweh, “seeing that my people are taken away for nothing? Those who rule over them mock,” says Yahweh, “and my name is blasphemed continually all day long.
2 relevance votesJudges 10:16
They put away the foreign gods from among them and served Yahweh; and his soul was grieved for the misery of Israel.
2 relevance votes