48 Then the heavens and the earth, and all that is therein, will sing for joy over Babylon; for the destroyers will come to her from the north,” says Yahweh.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Jeremiah 51:48. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
66
Editorial Notes
1
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְרִנְּנ֤וּ עַל־בָּבֶל֙ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָאָ֔רֶץ וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּהֶ֑ם כִּ֧י מִצָּפ֛וֹן יָבוֹא־לָ֥הּ הַשּׁוֹדְדִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃
15 word entries
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܢܚܕܘܢ ܥܠ ܒܒܠ ܫܡܝܐ ܘܐܪܥܐ ܘܟܠ ܕܒܗܘܢ ܡܛܠ ܕܡܢ ܓܪܒܝܐ ܢܐܬܘܢ ܥܠܝܗ̇ ܒܙܘ̈ܙܐ ܐܡܪ ܡܪܝܐ
15 word entries
ܘܢܚܕܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܚܕܘܢ
- Transliteration
- wnhdwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 13
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3346
ܒܒܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܒܠ
- Transliteration
- bbl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 53
ܫܡܝܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܫܡܝܐ
- Transliteration
- shmaya
- Morphology
- noun, plural/emphatic
- Gloss
- heavens, sky
- Occurrences
- 200
ܘܐܪܥܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܪܥܐ
- Transliteration
- w'r''
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 58
ܘܟܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܟܠ
- Transliteration
- wkl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 225
ܕܒܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dbhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 12
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2606
ܕܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܢ
- Transliteration
- dmn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 417
ܓܪܒܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܪܒܝܐ
- Transliteration
- grby'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 28
ܢܐܬܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܐܬܘܢ
- Transliteration
- n'twn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 33
ܥܠܝܗ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠܝܗ
- Transliteration
- 'lyh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 124
ܒܙܘ̈ܙܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܙܘܙܐ
- Transliteration
- bzwz'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 16
ܐܡܪ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܡܪ
- Transliteration
- emar
- Morphology
- verb root/form
- Gloss
- said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 1127
ܡܪܝܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܪܝܐ
- Transliteration
- maryah
- Morphology
- divine title, emphatic form
- Gloss
- Lord
- Occurrences
- 2917
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וִישַׁבְּחוּן עַל בָּבֶל שְׁמַיָא וְאַרְעָא וְכָל דִי בְהוֹן אֲרֵי מִצְפּוּנָא יֵיתוּן עֲלָה בָּזוֹזִין אֲמַר יְיָ׃
15 word entries
וִישַׁבְּחוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ישבחון
- Transliteration
- wyshbchwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 26
עַל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- על
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, against, concerning
- Occurrences
- 3568
בָּבֶל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בבל
- Transliteration
- bbl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 281
שְׁמַיָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- שמיא
- Transliteration
- shmy'
- Morphology
- noun masculine plural emphatic
- Gloss
- heavens, sky
- Occurrences
- 368
וְאַרְעָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ארע
- Transliteration
- w'r''
- Morphology
- prefixed conjunction ו + noun feminine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- and earth, land
- Occurrences
- 1735
וְכָל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- וכל
- Transliteration
- wkl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 550
דִי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- די
- Transliteration
- dy
- Morphology
- relative/genitive particle
- Gloss
- of, that, which
- Occurrences
- 1711
בְהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הון
- Transliteration
- bhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1262
אֲרֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארי
- Transliteration
- 'ry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1969
מִצְפּוּנָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- צפונא
- Transliteration
- mtspwn'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 125
יֵיתוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ייתון
- Transliteration
- yytwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 86
עֲלָה
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עלה
- Transliteration
- 'lh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 188
בָּזוֹזִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- זוזין
- Transliteration
- bzwzyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 22
אֲמַר
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- אמר
- Transliteration
- 'mr
- Morphology
- verbal root אמר, speech/action form
- Gloss
- said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 3728
יְיָ׃
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- יהוה
- Transliteration
- yy
- Morphology
- divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
- Gloss
- the Lord
- Occurrences
- 3908
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Et laudabunt super Babylonem cæli et terra, et omnia quæ in eis sunt: quia ab aquilone venient ei prædones, ait Dominus.
21 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
laudabunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- laudo
- Transliteration
- laudabunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 167
super
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- super
- Transliteration
- super
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3146
Babylonem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Babylon
- Transliteration
- Babylonem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 271
caeli
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- caelum
- Transliteration
- caeli
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- heaven
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- heaven, sky
- Etymology
- Latin noun for heaven or sky; often normalized as caelum.
- Occurrences
- 740
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
terra
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- terra
- Transliteration
- terra
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- earth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- earth, land, ground
- Etymology
- Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
- Occurrences
- 3087
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
omnia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- omnis
- Transliteration
- omnia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5506
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
eis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
quia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quia
- Transliteration
- quia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2543
ab
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ab
- Transliteration
- ab
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3693
aquilone
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aquilo
- Transliteration
- aquilone
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 131
venient
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uenio
- Transliteration
- venient
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 2233
ei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- ei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
praedones
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- praedo
- Transliteration
- praedones
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 6
ait
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aio
- Transliteration
- ait
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1222
Dominus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dominus
- Transliteration
- Dominus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8181
Spirit Nation Greek LXX Alignment Note
English · Greek Septuagint Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note
Coverage: Source-structure exceptions
Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.
Editorial alignment note: The Greek Septuagint tradition often follows different ordering, grouping, or book structure here. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "Then the heaven and the earth, and all that is therein, shall sing for Babylon: for the spoilers shall come unto her from the north, saith the LORD ." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.
Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.
These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.
-
Greek LXX
alternate structure
Greek Jeremiah follows a shorter and differently ordered Septuagint tradition, so some Hebrew/English verse numbers do not have a one-to-one Greek panel.
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Revelation 18:20
“Rejoice over her, O heaven, you saints, apostles, and prophets, for God has judged your judgment on her.”
5 relevance votesIsaiah 44:23
Sing, you heavens, for Yahweh has done it! Shout, you lower parts of the earth! Break out into singing, you mountains, O forest, all of your trees, for Yahweh has redeemed Jacob, and will glorify himself in Israel.
5 relevance votesJeremiah 50:3
For a nation comes up out of the north against her, which will make her land desolate, and no one will dwell in it. They have fled. They are gone, both man and animal.
4 relevance votesIsaiah 48:20
Leave Babylon! Flee from the Chaldeans! With the sound of joyful shouting announce this, tell it even to the end of the earth; say, “Yahweh has redeemed his servant Jacob!”
3 relevance votesIsaiah 49:13
Sing, heavens, and be joyful, earth! Break out into singing, mountains! For Yahweh has comforted his people, and will have compassion on his afflicted.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 50:9
For, behold, I will stir up and cause to come up against Babylon a company of great nations from the north country; and they will set themselves in array against her. She will be taken from there. Their arrows will be as of an expert mighty man. None of them will return in vain.
2 relevance votesJeremiah 50:41
“Behold, a people comes from the north. A great nation and many kings will be stirred up from the uttermost parts of the earth.
2 relevance votesProverbs 11:10
When it goes well with the righteous, the city rejoices. When the wicked perish, there is shouting.
2 relevance votes