18 According to their deeds, he will repay as appropriate: wrath to his adversaries, recompense to his enemies. He will repay the islands their due.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 59:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
54
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
כְּעַ֤ל גְּמֻלוֹת֙ כְּעַ֣ל יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם חֵמָ֣ה לְצָרָ֔יו גְּמ֖וּל לְאֹֽיְבָ֑יו לָאִיִּ֖ים גְּמ֥וּל יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃
11 word entries
כְּעַ֤ל
גְּמֻלוֹת֙
כְּעַ֣ל
יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם
חֵמָ֣ה
לְצָרָ֔יו
גְּמ֖וּל
לְאֹֽיְבָ֑יו
לָאִיִּ֖ים
גְּמ֥וּל
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
ὡς ἀνταποδώσων ἀνταπόδοσιν ὄνειδος τοῖς ὑπεναντίοις.
6 word entries
ὡς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὡς
- Transliteration
- hos
- Morphology
- comparative conjunction/adverb
- Gloss
- as, like, when
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/adverb
- Definition
- Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
- Occurrences
- 1899
ἀνταποδώσων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἀνταποδώσων
- Transliteration
- antapodoson
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἀνταπόδοσιν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀνταπόδοσιν
- Transliteration
- antapodosin
- Morphology
- dative plural noun pattern or 3rd plural verb ending depending on context
- Gloss
- to/for ... / they ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 7
ὄνειδος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὄνειδος
- Transliteration
- oneidos
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- reproach, disgrace
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Reproach, disgrace, insult, or shame.
- Occurrences
- 43
τοῖς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ὑπεναντίοις
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ὑπεναντίοις
- Transliteration
- ypenantiois
- Morphology
- dative plural masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- to/for ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 8
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܕܢܬܬܒܥ ܡܢ ܣܢܐ̈ܘܗܝ ܘܢܦܪܘܥ ܠܒ̈ܥܠܕܒܒܘܗܝ ܘܠܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ ܢܦܪܘܥ ܦܘܪܥܢܐ
8 word entries
ܕܢܬܬܒܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܬܬܒܥ
- Transliteration
- dnttb'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5552
ܣܢܐ̈ܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܢܐܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- sn'why
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 7
ܘܢܦܪܘܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܦܪܘܥ
- Transliteration
- wnprw'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܠܒ̈ܥܠܕܒܒܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܒܥܠܕܒܒܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- lb'ldbbwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 16
ܘܠܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܓܙܪܬܐ
- Transliteration
- wlgzrt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܢܦܪܘܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܦܪܘܥ
- Transliteration
- nprw'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 6
ܦܘܪܥܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܘܪܥܢܐ
- Transliteration
- pwr'n'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 30
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
מָרֵי גַמְלַיָא הוּא גִמְלָא יְשַׁלֵם פּוּרְעֲנוּתָא לְסָנְאוֹהִי גִמְלָא לְבַעֲלֵי דְבָבוֹהִי לְנַנְוָתָא גִמְלָא יְשַׁלֵם׃
13 word entries
מָרֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מרי
- Transliteration
- mry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 88
גַמְלַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גמליא
- Transliteration
- gmly'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 8
הוּא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- הוא
- Transliteration
- hw'
- Morphology
- personal/demonstrative pronoun
- Gloss
- he, it
- Occurrences
- 992
גִמְלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גמלא
- Transliteration
- gml'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 8
יְשַׁלֵם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ישלם
- Transliteration
- yshlm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 13
פּוּרְעֲנוּתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פורענותא
- Transliteration
- pwr'nwt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 55
לְסָנְאוֹהִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סנאוהי
- Transliteration
- lsn'why
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
גִמְלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גמלא
- Transliteration
- gml'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 8
לְבַעֲלֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בעלי
- Transliteration
- lb'ly
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 40
דְבָבוֹהִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בבוהי
- Transliteration
- dbbwhy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 13
לְנַנְוָתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ננותא
- Transliteration
- lnnwt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
גִמְלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גמלא
- Transliteration
- gml'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 8
יְשַׁלֵם׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ישלם
- Transliteration
- yshlm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 13
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
sicut ad vindictam quasi ad retributionem indignationis hostibus suis, et vicissitudinem inimicis suis; insulis vicem reddet.
16 word entries
sicut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sicut
- Transliteration
- sicut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 1559
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
vindictam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uindicta
- Transliteration
- vindictam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 44
quasi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quasi
- Transliteration
- quasi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 989
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
retributionem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- retributio
- Transliteration
- retributionem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 29
indignationis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- indignatio
- Transliteration
- indignationis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 102
hostibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hostis
- Transliteration
- hostibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 125
suis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
vicissitudinem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uicissitudo
- Transliteration
- vicissitudinem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8
inimicis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inimicus
- Transliteration
- inimicis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 389
suis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
insulis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- insula
- Transliteration
- insulis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 50
vicem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uicis
- Transliteration
- vicem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 58
reddet
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- reddo
- Transliteration
- reddet
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 267
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Jeremiah 17:10
“I, Yahweh, search the mind. I try the heart, even to give every man according to his ways, according to the fruit of his doings.”
7 relevance votesIsaiah 63:6
I trod down the peoples in my anger and made them drunk in my wrath. I poured their lifeblood out on the earth.”
6 relevance votesRomans 2:6
who “will pay back to everyone according to their works:”
5 relevance votesMatthew 16:27
For the Son of Man will come in the glory of his Father with his angels, and then he will give to everyone according to his deeds.
5 relevance votesNahum 1:2
Yahweh is a jealous God and avenges. Yahweh avenges and is full of wrath. Yahweh takes vengeance on his adversaries, and he maintains wrath against his enemies.
4 relevance votesPsalms 62:12
Also to you, Lord, belongs loving kindness, for you reward every man according to his work.
3 relevance votesJob 34:11
For the work of a man he will give to him, and cause every man to find according to his ways.
3 relevance votesIsaiah 63:3
“I have trodden the wine press alone. Of the peoples, no one was with me. Yes, I trod them in my anger and trampled them in my wrath. Their lifeblood is sprinkled on my garments, and I have stained all my clothing.
3 relevance votesLuke 21:22
For these are days of vengeance, that all things which are written may be fulfilled.
3 relevance votesIsaiah 1:24
Therefore the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, the Mighty One of Israel, says: “Ah, I will get relief from my adversaries, and avenge myself on my enemies.
3 relevance votesIsaiah 66:15
For, behold, Yahweh will come with fire, and his chariots will be like the whirlwind; to give his anger with fierceness, and his rebuke with flames of fire.
3 relevance votesLamentations 4:11
Yahweh has accomplished his wrath. He has poured out his fierce anger. He has kindled a fire in Zion, which has devoured its foundations.
3 relevance votes