24 Does he who plows to sow plow continually? Does he keep turning the soil and breaking the clods?
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 28:24. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
54
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
הֲכֹ֣ל הַיּ֔וֹם יַחֲרֹ֥שׁ הַחֹרֵ֖שׁ לִזְרֹ֑עַ יְפַתַּ֥ח וִֽישַׂדֵּ֖ד אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃
8 word entries
הֲכֹ֣ל
הַיּ֔וֹם
יַחֲרֹ֥שׁ
הַחֹרֵ֖שׁ
לִזְרֹ֑עַ
יְפַתַּ֥ח
וִֽישַׂדֵּ֖ד
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Μὴ ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν ἀροτριάσει ὁ ἀροτριῶν; ἢ σπόρον προετοιμάσει, πρὶν ἐργάσασθαι τὴν γῆν;
14 word entries
Μὴ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- μή
- Transliteration
- me
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not, lest
- Part of Speech
- particle
- Definition
- Negative particle commonly used with non-indicative moods.
- Occurrences
- 2979
ὅλην
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὅλος
- Transliteration
- holen
- Morphology
- adjective, accusative feminine singular
- Gloss
- whole, all
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Definition
- Whole, entire, all.
- Occurrences
- 195
τὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἡμέραν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἡμέρα
- Transliteration
- hemera
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- day
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Day.
- Occurrences
- 2366
ἀροτριάσει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἀροτριάσει
- Transliteration
- arotriasei
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
ὁ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἀροτριῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀροτριῶν
- Transliteration
- arotrion
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
ἢ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἤ
- Transliteration
- e
- Morphology
- disjunctive/comparative particle
- Gloss
- or, than
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Disjunctive or comparative particle.
- Occurrences
- 931
σπόρον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- σπόρον
- Transliteration
- sporon
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 6
προετοιμάσει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- προετοιμάσει
- Transliteration
- proetoimasei
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
πρὶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πρὶν
- Transliteration
- prin
- Morphology
- accusative singular feminine or third-declension accusative pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 33
ἐργάσασθαι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐργάσασθαι
- Transliteration
- ergasasthai
- Morphology
- nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
τὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
γῆν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γῆ
- Transliteration
- gen
- Morphology
- noun, feminine accusative singular
- Gloss
- earth, land
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Earth, ground, or land.
- Strong's
- G1093
- Occurrences
- 2962
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܕܠܡܐ ܝܘܡܐ ܟܠܗ ܕܒ̇ܪ ܐܟܪܐ ܠܡܙܪܥ ܘܙܩ̇ܦ ܘܫ̇ܦܢ ܐܪܥܗ
9 word entries
ܕܠܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܡܐ
- Transliteration
- dlm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 132
ܝܘܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܘܡܐ
- Transliteration
- ywm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 225
ܟܠܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܠܗ
- Transliteration
- klh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 558
ܕܒ̇ܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܪ
- Transliteration
- dbr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 39
ܐܟܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܟܪܐ
- Transliteration
- 'kr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 9
ܠܡܙܪܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܙܪܥ
- Transliteration
- lmzr'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܙܩ̇ܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܙܩܦ
- Transliteration
- wzqp
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܫ̇ܦܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܦܢ
- Transliteration
- wshpn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܐܪܥܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܪܥܗ
- Transliteration
- 'r'h
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 31
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
בְּכָל עִדָן מִתְנַבָּן נְבִיַיָא לַאֲלָפָא מָאִים יִתְפַּתְּחָן אוּדְנֵי חַיָבַיָא וִיקַבְּלוּן אוּלְפַן׃
11 word entries
בְּכָל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בכל
- Transliteration
- bkl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 382
עִדָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עדן
- Transliteration
- 'dn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 254
מִתְנַבָּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תנבן
- Transliteration
- mtnbn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 22
נְבִיַיָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- נביא
- Transliteration
- nbyy'
- Morphology
- noun masculine emphatic/plural by context
- Gloss
- prophet
- Occurrences
- 422
לַאֲלָפָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אלפא
- Transliteration
- l'lp'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 54
מָאִים
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אים
- Transliteration
- m'ym
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 29
יִתְפַּתְּחָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יתפתחן
- Transliteration
- ytptchn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 4
אוּדְנֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אודני
- Transliteration
- 'wdny
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 12
חַיָבַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חיביא
- Transliteration
- chyby'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 43
וִיקַבְּלוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יקבלון
- Transliteration
- wyqblwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 22
אוּלְפַן׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אולפן
- Transliteration
- 'wlpn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 119
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Numquid tota die arabit arans ut serat? proscindet et sarriet humum suam?
12 word entries
numquid
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- numquid
- Transliteration
- numquid
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 408
tota
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- totus
- Transliteration
- tota
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 276
die
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dies
- Transliteration
- die
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2559
arabit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aro
- Transliteration
- arabit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 24
arans
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aro
- Transliteration
- arans
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 24
ut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ut
- Transliteration
- ut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4533
serat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sero
- Transliteration
- serat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 33
proscindet
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- proscindo
- Transliteration
- proscindet
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
sariet
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sario
- Transliteration
- sariet
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 2
humum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- humus
- Transliteration
- humum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 44
suam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Jeremiah 4:3
For Yahweh says to the men of Judah and to Jerusalem, “Break up your fallow ground, and don’t sow among thorns.
3 relevance votes