29 For they shall be ashamed of the oaks which you have desired, and you shall be confounded for the gardens that you have chosen.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 1:29. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
57
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
כִּ֣י יֵבֹ֔שׁוּ מֵאֵילִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר חֲמַדְתֶּ֑ם וְתַ֨חְפְּר֔וּ מֵהַגַּנּ֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּחַרְתֶּֽם׃
9 word entries
כִּ֣י
יֵבֹ֔שׁוּ
מֵאֵילִ֖ים
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
חֲמַדְתֶּ֑ם
וְתַ֨חְפְּר֔וּ
מֵהַגַּנּ֖וֹת
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Διότι αἰσχυνθήσονται ἀπὸ τῶν εἰδώλων αὐτῶν ἃ αὐτοὶ ἠβούλοντο, καὶ ᾐσχύνθησαν ἐπὶ τοῖς κήποις, ἃ ἐπεθύμησαν.
16 word entries
Διότι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- διότι
- Transliteration
- dioti
- Morphology
- causal conjunction
- Gloss
- because, for
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Causal conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 317
αἰσχυνθήσονται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- αἰσχυνθήσονται
- Transliteration
- aischynthesontai
- Morphology
- verb, future middle indicative, 3rd plural
- Gloss
- they will ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 13
ἀπὸ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀπό
- Transliteration
- apo
- Morphology
- preposition with genitive
- Gloss
- from, away from
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
- Occurrences
- 3869
τῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
εἰδώλων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- εἰδώλων
- Transliteration
- eidolon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 19
αὐτῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
ἃ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὅς
- Transliteration
- ha
- Morphology
- relative pronoun, nominative/accusative neuter plural
- Gloss
- which, things that
- Part of Speech
- relative pronoun
- Definition
- Relative pronoun who, which, that.
- Occurrences
- 4123
αὐτοὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
ἠβούλοντο
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἠβούλοντο
- Transliteration
- eboylonto
- Morphology
- verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd plural pattern
- Gloss
- they were ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 7
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ᾐσχύνθησαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ᾐσχύνθησαν
- Transliteration
- schynthesan
- Morphology
- verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural
- Gloss
- were ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 6
ἐπὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐπί
- Transliteration
- epi
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, over, against
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
- Occurrences
- 6685
τοῖς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
κήποις
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- κήποις
- Transliteration
- kepois
- Morphology
- dative plural masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- to/for ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
ἃ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὅς
- Transliteration
- ha
- Morphology
- relative pronoun, nominative/accusative neuter plural
- Gloss
- which, things that
- Part of Speech
- relative pronoun
- Definition
- Relative pronoun who, which, that.
- Occurrences
- 4123
ἐπεθύμησαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐπεθύμησαν
- Transliteration
- epethymesan
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
- Gloss
- they ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܛܠ ܕܢܒܗܬܘܢ ܡܢ ܦܬܟܪ̈ܐ ܕܪܓܘ ܘܢܚܦܪܘܢ ܡܢ ܓܢܝ̈ܬܐ ܕܓܒܘ
9 word entries
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2606
ܕܢܒܗܬܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܒܗܬܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dnbhtwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5552
ܦܬܟܪ̈ܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܬܟܪܐ
- Transliteration
- ptkr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 37
ܕܪܓܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܪܓܘ
- Transliteration
- drgw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܢܚܦܪܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܚܦܪܘܢ
- Transliteration
- wnhprwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 13
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5552
ܓܢܝ̈ܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܢܝܬܐ
- Transliteration
- gnyt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 2
ܕܓܒܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܓܒܘ
- Transliteration
- dgbw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
אֲרֵי תִּתְבַּהֲתוּן מֵאִילָנֵי טַעֲוָתָא דַחֲמַדְתּוּן וְתִתְכַּנְעוּן מִגִנֵי טַעֲוָתָא דְאַתּוּן מִסְתַּיְעִין בְּהוֹן׃
11 word entries
אֲרֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארי
- Transliteration
- 'ry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1969
תִּתְבַּהֲתוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תתבהתון
- Transliteration
- ttbhtwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
מֵאִילָנֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אילני
- Transliteration
- m'ylny
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 19
טַעֲוָתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- טעותא
- Transliteration
- t'wt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 113
דַחֲמַדְתּוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חמדתון
- Transliteration
- dchmdtwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
וְתִתְכַּנְעוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תתכנעון
- Transliteration
- wttkn'wn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4
מִגִנֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גני
- Transliteration
- mgny
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 4
טַעֲוָתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- טעותא
- Transliteration
- t'wt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 113
דְאַתּוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתון
- Transliteration
- d'twn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 317
מִסְתַּיְעִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סתיעין
- Transliteration
- msty'yn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 7
בְּהוֹן׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הון
- Transliteration
- bhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1262
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Confundentur enim ab idolis quibus sacrificaverunt, et erubescetis super hortis quos elegeratis,
12 word entries
confundentur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- confundo
- Transliteration
- confundentur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 169
enim
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- enim
- Transliteration
- enim
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2392
ab
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ab
- Transliteration
- ab
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3693
idolis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- idolum
- Transliteration
- idolis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 144
quibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
sacrificaverunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sacrifico
- Transliteration
- sacrificaverunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 70
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
erubescetis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- erubesco
- Transliteration
- erubescetis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 48
super
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- super
- Transliteration
- super
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3146
hortis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hortus
- Transliteration
- hortis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 39
quos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
elegeratis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- eligo
- Transliteration
- elegeratis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 325
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Isaiah 65:3
a people who provoke me to my face continually, sacrificing in gardens, and burning incense on bricks;
5 relevance votesIsaiah 66:17
“Those who sanctify themselves and purify themselves to go to the gardens, following one in the middle, eating pig’s meat, abominable things, and the mouse, they shall come to an end together,” says Yahweh.
5 relevance votesIsaiah 57:5
you who inflame yourselves among the oaks, under every green tree; who kill the children in the valleys, under the clefts of the rocks?
5 relevance votesHosea 4:13
They sacrifice on the tops of the mountains, and burn incense on the hills, under oaks, poplars, and terebinths, because its shade is good. Therefore your daughters play the prostitute, and your brides commit adultery.
3 relevance votesEzekiel 16:63
that you may remember, and be confounded, and never open your mouth any more because of your shame, when I have forgiven you all that you have done,” says the Lord Yahweh.’”
3 relevance votesIsaiah 31:7
For in that day everyone shall cast away his idols of silver and his idols of gold—sin which your own hands have made for you.
2 relevance votesEzekiel 36:31
“‘“Then you will remember your evil ways, and your deeds that were not good; and you will loathe yourselves in your own sight for your iniquities and for your abominations.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 30:22
You shall defile the overlaying of your engraved images of silver, and the plating of your molten images of gold. You shall cast them away as an unclean thing. You shall tell it, “Go away!”
2 relevance votesJeremiah 2:20
“For long ago I broke off your yoke, and burst your bonds. You said, ‘I will not serve;’ for on every high hill and under every green tree you bowed yourself, playing the prostitute.
2 relevance votesEzekiel 6:13
You will know that I am Yahweh when their slain men are among their idols around their altars, on every high hill, on all the tops of the mountains, under every green tree, and under every thick oak—the places where they offered pleasant aroma to all their idols.
2 relevance votesHosea 14:8
Ephraim, what have I to do any more with idols? I answer, and will take care of him. I am like a green cypress tree; from me your fruit is found.”
2 relevance votesJeremiah 3:6
Moreover, Yahweh said to me in the days of Josiah the king, “Have you seen that which backsliding Israel has done? She has gone up on every high mountain and under every green tree, and has played the prostitute there.
2 relevance votes