29 They have gone over the pass. They have taken up their lodging at Geba. Ramah trembles. Gibeah of Saul has fled.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 10:29. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
56
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
עָֽבְרוּ֙ מַעְבָּרָ֔ה גֶּ֖בַע מָל֣וֹן לָ֑נוּ חָֽרְדָה֙ הָֽרָמָ֔ה גִּבְעַ֥ת שָׁא֖וּל נָֽסָה׃
10 word entries
עָֽבְרוּ֙
מַעְבָּרָ֔ה
מָל֣וֹן
לָ֑נוּ
- Lemma
- l
- Morphology
- Hebrew: preposition + suffix
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Occurrences
- 4413
חָֽרְדָה֙
הָֽרָמָ֔ה
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ παρελεύσεται φάραγγα, καὶ ἥξει εἰς Ἀγγαί, φόβος λήψεται Ῥαμᾶ, πόλιν Σαοὺλ, φεύξεται
13 word entries
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
παρελεύσεται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- παρελεύσεται
- Transliteration
- pareleysetai
- Morphology
- verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it will ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 24
φάραγγα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- φάραγγα
- Transliteration
- pharagga
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 22
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἥξει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἥκω
- Transliteration
- hexei
- Morphology
- verb, future active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it will come
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To have come, be present, or arrive.
- Occurrences
- 133
εἰς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰς
- Transliteration
- eis
- Morphology
- preposition with accusative
- Gloss
- into, to, for
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
- Occurrences
- 6787
Ἀγγαί
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀγγαί
- Transliteration
- aggai
- Morphology
- nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
φόβος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- φόβος
- Transliteration
- phobos
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- fear, reverence
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Fear, awe, or reverence.
- Occurrences
- 75
λήψεται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- λαμβάνω
- Transliteration
- lepsetai
- Morphology
- verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it will take, receive
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To take, receive, or obtain.
- Occurrences
- 894
Ῥαμᾶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ῥαμᾶ
- Transliteration
- ama
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
πόλιν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πόλις
- Transliteration
- polis
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- city
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- City or town.
- Occurrences
- 1387
Σαοὺλ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Σαούλ
- Transliteration
- Saoul
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Saul
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Saul, biblical personal name.
- Occurrences
- 380
φεύξεται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- φεύξεται
- Transliteration
- pheyxetai
- Morphology
- verb, present/future middle-passive form, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 8
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܥܒܪ ܠܡܥܒܪܐ ܕܓܒܥ ܠܒܝܬ ܒܝܬܢ ܕܚܠܬ ܪܡܬܐ ܘܓܒܥܬ ܫܐܘܠ ܥܪܩܬ
10 word entries
ܥܒܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܒܪ
- Transliteration
- 'br
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 78
ܠܡܥܒܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܥܒܪܐ
- Transliteration
- lm'br'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܓܒܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܓܒܥ
- Transliteration
- dgb'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܒܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܒܝܬ
- Transliteration
- lbyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 190
ܒܝܬܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܝܬܢ
- Transliteration
- bytn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܕܚܠܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܠܬ
- Transliteration
- dhlt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 9
ܪܡܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܡܬܐ
- Transliteration
- rmt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 62
ܘܓܒܥܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܓܒܥܬ
- Transliteration
- wgb't
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܫܐܘܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܐܘܠ
- Transliteration
- sh'wl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 265
ܥܪܩܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܪܩܬ
- Transliteration
- 'rqt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 6
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
גָזוּ עֲבָרוּ יַרְדְנָא בְּגֶבַע בָּתוּ לְהוֹן אִתְבָּרוּ יָתְבֵי רָמָתָא אֱנַשׁ גִבְעַת שָׁאוּל עֲרָקוּ׃
13 word entries
גָזוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גזו
- Transliteration
- gzw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 5
עֲבָרוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עברו
- Transliteration
- 'brw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 83
יַרְדְנָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ירדנא
- Transliteration
- yrdn'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 139
בְּגֶבַע
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גבע
- Transliteration
- bgb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 7
בָּתוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בתו
- Transliteration
- btw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 5
לְהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הון
- Transliteration
- lhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1262
אִתְבָּרוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתברו
- Transliteration
- 'tbrw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 55
יָתְבֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יתבי
- Transliteration
- ytby
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 275
רָמָתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רמתא
- Transliteration
- rmt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 67
אֱנַשׁ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אנש
- Transliteration
- 'nsh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 341
גִבְעַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גבעת
- Transliteration
- gb't
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 7
שָׁאוּל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שאול
- Transliteration
- sh'wl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 424
עֲרָקוּ׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ערקו
- Transliteration
- 'rqw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 17
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Transierunt cursim, Gaba sedes nostra; obstupuit Rama, Gabaath Saulis fugit.
10 word entries
transierunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- transeo
- Transliteration
- transierunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 403
cursim
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cursim
- Transliteration
- cursim
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 1
Gabee
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Gabe
- Transliteration
- Gabee
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 2
sedes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sedes
- Transliteration
- sedes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 81
nostra
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- noster
- Transliteration
- nostra
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1263
obstipuit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- obstupesco
- Transliteration
- obstipuit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 32
Rama
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Rama
- Transliteration
- Rama
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 17
Gabaath
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Gabaath
- Transliteration
- Gabaath
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 8
Saulis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Saulus
- Transliteration
- Saulis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 32
fugit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- fugio
- Transliteration
- fugit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 351
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
1 Samuel 13:23
The garrison of the Philistines went out to the pass of Michmash.
4 relevance votes1 Samuel 7:17
His return was to Ramah, for his house was there, and he judged Israel there; and he built an altar to Yahweh there.
4 relevance votes1 Samuel 11:4
Then the messengers came to Gibeah of Saul, and spoke these words in the ears of the people, then all the people lifted up their voice and wept.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 31:15
Yahweh says: “A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children. She refuses to be comforted for her children, because they are no more.”
3 relevance votesJoshua 21:17
Out of the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon with its pasture lands, Geba with its pasture lands,
3 relevance votesHosea 10:9
“Israel, you have sinned from the days of Gibeah. There they remained. The battle against the children of iniquity doesn’t overtake them in Gibeah.
2 relevance votes1 Kings 15:23
Now the rest of all the acts of Asa, and all his might, and all that he did, and the cities which he built, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? But in the time of his old age he was diseased in his feet.
2 relevance votes1 Samuel 13:2
Saul chose for himself three thousand men of Israel, of which two thousand were with Saul in Michmash and in the Mount of Bethel, and one thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin. He sent the rest of the people to their own tents.
2 relevance votesHosea 5:8
“Blow the cornet in Gibeah, and the trumpet in Ramah! Sound a battle cry at Beth Aven, behind you, Benjamin!
2 relevance votesHosea 9:9
They have deeply corrupted themselves, as in the days of Gibeah. He will remember their iniquity. He will punish them for their sins.
2 relevance votes1 Samuel 13:16
Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people who were present with them, stayed in Geba of Benjamin; but the Philistines encamped in Michmash.
2 relevance votes1 Samuel 14:4
Between the passes, by which Jonathan sought to go over to the Philistines’ garrison, there was a rocky crag on the one side and a rocky crag on the other side; and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh.
2 relevance votes
Chapter 10 · 10 of 66 available
Verse 29 of 34