1 Woe to those who decree unrighteous decrees, and to the writers who write oppressive decrees
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 10:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
37
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
ה֥וֹי הַחֹֽקְקִ֖ים חִקְקֵי־אָ֑וֶן וּֽמְכַתְּבִ֥ים עָמָ֖ל כִּתֵּֽבוּ׃
7 word entries
הַחֹֽקְקִ֖ים
חִקְקֵי
אָ֑וֶן
וּֽמְכַתְּבִ֥ים
עָמָ֖ל
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Οὐαὶ τοῖς γράφουσι πονηρίαν, γράφοντες γὰρ, πονηρίαν γράφουσιν·
8 word entries
Οὐαὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὐαί
- Transliteration
- ouai
- Morphology
- interjection
- Gloss
- woe
- Part of Speech
- interjection
- Definition
- Interjection of grief, warning, or judgment.
- Occurrences
- 66
τοῖς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
γράφουσι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- γράφουσι
- Transliteration
- graphoysi
- Morphology
- verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
- Gloss
- they ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
πονηρίαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πονηρίαν
- Transliteration
- ponerian
- Morphology
- aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- they ... / ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 20
γράφοντες
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- γράφοντες
- Transliteration
- graphontes
- Morphology
- present active participle, nominative masculine plural pattern
- Gloss
- doing/being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
γὰρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γάρ
- Transliteration
- gar
- Morphology
- postpositive explanatory conjunction
- Gloss
- for, because
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Explanatory or causal conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 1390
πονηρίαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πονηρίαν
- Transliteration
- ponerian
- Morphology
- aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- they ... / ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 20
γράφουσιν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- γράφουσιν
- Transliteration
- graphoysin
- Morphology
- verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
- Gloss
- they ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܝ ܠܕܒ̇ܕܩܝܢ ܒܕܩ̈ܐ ܕܥܬܐ ܘܟܬ̇ܒܝܢ ܥܘܠܐ
6 word entries
ܘܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܝ
- Transliteration
- wy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 71
ܠܕܒ̇ܕܩܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܕܒܕܩܝܢ
- Transliteration
- ldbdqyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܕܩ̈ܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܕܩܐ
- Transliteration
- bdq'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 9
ܕܥܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܬܐ
- Transliteration
- d't'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 10
ܘܟܬ̇ܒܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܟܬܒܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wktbyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܥܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- 'wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 232
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וַוי דְרַשְׁמִין רִשְׁמִין דְמֵינַס וּכְתַב דְלֵיאוּ כָּתְבִין׃
7 word entries
וַוי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ווי
- Transliteration
- wwy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 6
דְרַשְׁמִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רשמין
- Transliteration
- drshmyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
רִשְׁמִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רשמין
- Transliteration
- rshmyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 3
דְמֵינַס
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מינס
- Transliteration
- dmyns
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 8
וּכְתַב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- כתב
- Transliteration
- wktb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 33
דְלֵיאוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ליאו
- Transliteration
- dly'w
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 4
כָּתְבִין׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תבין
- Transliteration
- ktbyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 7
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
[Væ qui condunt leges iniquas, et scribentes injustitiam scripserunt,
9 word entries
vae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uae
- Transliteration
- vae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: other
- Occurrences
- 129
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
condunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- condo
- Transliteration
- condunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 24
leges
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lex
- Transliteration
- leges
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 596
iniquas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iniquus
- Transliteration
- iniquas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 106
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
scribentes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- scribo
- Transliteration
- scribentes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 451
iniustitiam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iniustitia
- Transliteration
- iniustitiam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 28
scripserunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- scribo
- Transliteration
- scripserunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 451
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Luke 11:52
Woe to you lawyers! For you took away the key of knowledge. You didn’t enter in yourselves, and those who were entering in, you hindered.”
9 relevance votesMatthew 23:23
“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you tithe mint, dill, and cumin, and have left undone the weightier matters of the law: justice, mercy, and faith. But you ought to have done these, and not to have left the other undone.
6 relevance votesJohn 19:6
When therefore the chief priests and the officers saw him, they shouted, saying, “Crucify! Crucify!” Pilate said to them, “Take him yourselves and crucify him, for I find no basis for a charge against him.”
4 relevance votesHabakkuk 2:6
Won’t all these take up a parable against him, and a taunting proverb against him, and say, ‘Woe to him who increases that which is not his, and who enriches himself by extortion! How long?’
4 relevance votesJohn 9:22
His parents said these things because they feared the Jews; for the Jews had already agreed that if any man would confess him as Christ, he would be put out of the synagogue.
4 relevance votesJude 1:11
Woe to them! For they went in the way of Cain, and ran riotously in the error of Balaam for hire, and perished in Korah’s rebellion.
3 relevance votesIsaiah 5:8
Woe to those who join house to house, who lay field to field, until there is no room, and you are made to dwell alone in the middle of the land!
3 relevance votesMatthew 26:24
The Son of Man goes even as it is written of him, but woe to that man through whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would be better for that man if he had not been born.”
3 relevance votesHabakkuk 2:9
Woe to him who gets an evil gain for his house, that he may set his nest on high, that he may be delivered from the hand of evil!
3 relevance votesHabakkuk 2:12
Woe to him who builds a town with blood, and establishes a city by iniquity!
3 relevance votesMicah 6:16
For the statutes of Omri are kept, and all the works of Ahab’s house. You walk in their counsels, that I may make you a ruin, and your inhabitants a hissing. You will bear the reproach of my people.”
3 relevance votesMatthew 23:29
“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you build the tombs of the prophets and decorate the tombs of the righteous,
3 relevance votes