28 and didn’t allow me to kiss my sons and my daughters? Now you have done foolishly.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 31:28. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
54
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְלֹ֣א נְטַשְׁתַּ֔נִי לְנַשֵּׁ֥ק לְבָנַ֖י וְלִבְנֹתָ֑י עַתָּ֖ה הִסְכַּ֥לְתָּֽ עֲשֽׂוֹ׃
8 word entries
וְלֹ֣א
נְטַשְׁתַּ֔נִי
לְנַשֵּׁ֥ק
לְבָנַ֖י
וְלִבְנֹתָ֑י
הִסְכַּ֥לְתָּֽ
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ οὐκ ἠξιώθην καταφιλῆσαι τὰ παιδία μου, καὶ τὰς θυγατέρας μου· νῦν δὲ ἀφρόνως ἔπραξας.
15 word entries
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
οὐκ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὐ
- Transliteration
- ou
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Part of Speech
- particle
- Definition
- Negative particle before rough breathing.
- Occurrences
- 5892
ἠξιώθην
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἠξιώθην
- Transliteration
- exiothen
- Morphology
- accusative singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
καταφιλῆσαι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- καταφιλῆσαι
- Transliteration
- kataphilesai
- Morphology
- Greek -σαι form; likely aorist infinitive or middle/passive verb form depending on context
- Gloss
- to ...
- Part of Speech
- infinitive/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
τὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
παιδία
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- παιδίον
- Transliteration
- paidion
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- child
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Child, infant, or little one.
- Occurrences
- 104
μου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐγώ
- Transliteration
- ego
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative first-person singular
- Gloss
- I
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- First-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 11445
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
τὰς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
θυγατέρας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- θυγάτηρ
- Transliteration
- thygater
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- daughter
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Daughter or female descendant.
- Occurrences
- 506
μου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐγώ
- Transliteration
- ego
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative first-person singular
- Gloss
- I
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- First-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 11445
νῦν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- νῦν
- Transliteration
- nyn
- Morphology
- adverb
- Gloss
- now
- Part of Speech
- adverb
- Definition
- Now, at the present time.
- Occurrences
- 614
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
ἀφρόνως
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἀφρόνως
- Transliteration
- aphronos
- Morphology
- adverbial -ως form or perfect participle pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- ...ly / having ...
- Part of Speech
- adverb/participle form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἔπραξας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἔπραξας
- Transliteration
- epraxas
- Morphology
- accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
Targum Onkelos Torah
Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain
Coverage: Torah
Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.
וְלָא שְׁבַקְתַּנִּי לְנַשָּׁקָא לִבְנַי וְלִבְנָתָי כְּעַן אַסְכֶּלְתָּא לְמֶעְבָּד
8 word entries
וְלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ולא
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 376
שְׁבַקְתַּנִּי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שבקתני
- Transliteration
- shbqtny
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
לְנַשָּׁקָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נשקא
- Transliteration
- lnshq'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
לִבְנַי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בר
- Transliteration
- lbny
- Morphology
- prefixed preposition ל + noun plural construct
- Gloss
- to/for sons, children of
- Occurrences
- 1211
וְלִבְנָתָי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לבנתי
- Transliteration
- wlbnty
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
כְּעַן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- כען
- Transliteration
- k'n
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 215
אַסְכֶּלְתָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אסכלתא
- Transliteration
- 'sklt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
לְמֶעְבָּד
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מעבד
- Transliteration
- lm'bd
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 88
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܠܐ ܫܒܩܬܢܝ ܠܡܢܫܩܘ ܠܒ̈ܢܝ ܘܠܒܢ̈ܬܝ. ܗܫܐ ܐܣܟܠ̣ܬ ܒܡܕܡ ܕܥܒ̣ܕܬ .
9 word entries
ܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WL>
- Morphology
- W-L>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܫܒܩܬܢܝ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- CBQTNJ
- Morphology
- CBQ[T=-NJ
- Occurrences
- 0
ܠܡܢܫܩܘ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- LMNCQW
- Morphology
- L-!M!NCQ[/W:d
- Occurrences
- 0
ܠܒ̈ܢܝ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- LB"NJ
- Morphology
- L-BN/J
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܠܒܢ̈ܬܝ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WLBN"TJ
- Morphology
- W-L-BN=/T=-J
- Occurrences
- 0
ܗܫܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- HC>
- Morphology
- HC/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܐܣܟܠ̣ܬ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- >SKL#T
- Morphology
- ]>]SKL=[T=
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒܡܕܡ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- BMDM
- Morphology
- B-MDM/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܥܒ̣ܕܬ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- D<B#DT
- Morphology
- D-<BD[T=
- Occurrences
- 0
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Non es passus ut oscularer filios meos et filias: stulte operatus es: et nunc quidem
14 word entries
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
es
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- es
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
passus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- patior
- Transliteration
- passus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 131
ut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ut
- Transliteration
- ut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4533
oscularer
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- osculor
- Transliteration
- oscularer
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 35
filios
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- filius
- Transliteration
- filios
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 5067
meos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- meus
- Transliteration
- meos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4586
ac
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ac
- Transliteration
- ac
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 184
filias
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- filia
- Transliteration
- filias
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 566
stulte
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- stulte
- Transliteration
- stulte
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 11
operatus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- operor
- Transliteration
- operatus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 234
es
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- es
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
nunc
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nunc
- Transliteration
- nunc
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 620
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Genesis 31:55
Early in the morning, Laban rose up, and kissed his sons and his daughters, and blessed them. Laban departed and returned to his place.
6 relevance votesRuth 1:14
They lifted up their voices and wept again; then Orpah kissed her mother-in-law, but Ruth stayed with her.
4 relevance votesActs 20:37
They all wept freely, and fell on Paul’s neck and kissed him,
4 relevance votes1 Kings 19:20
Elisha left the oxen and ran after Elijah, and said, “Let me please kiss my father and my mother, and then I will follow you.” He said to him, “Go back again; for what have I done to you?”
4 relevance votes1 Samuel 13:13
Samuel said to Saul, “You have done foolishly. You have not kept the commandment of Yahweh your God, which he commanded you; for now Yahweh would have established your kingdom on Israel forever.
3 relevance votesExodus 4:27
Yahweh said to Aaron, “Go into the wilderness to meet Moses.” He went, and met him on God’s mountain, and kissed him.
3 relevance votesGenesis 31:24
God came to Laban the Syrian in a dream of the night, and said to him, “Be careful that you don’t speak to Jacob either good or bad.”
3 relevance votesGenesis 31:13
I am the God of Bethel, where you anointed a pillar, where you vowed a vow to me. Now arise, get out from this land, and return to the land of your birth.’”
3 relevance votesGenesis 29:13
When Laban heard the news of Jacob, his sister’s son, he ran to meet Jacob, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. Jacob told Laban all these things.
3 relevance votes1 Corinthians 2:14
Now the natural man doesn’t receive the things of God’s Spirit, for they are foolishness to him; and he can’t know them, because they are spiritually discerned.
3 relevance votesGenesis 31:3
Yahweh said to Jacob, “Return to the land of your fathers, and to your relatives, and I will be with you.”
3 relevance votes2 Chronicles 16:9
For Yahweh’s eyes run back and forth throughout the whole earth, to show himself strong in the behalf of them whose heart is perfect toward him. You have done foolishly in this; for from now on you will have wars.”
3 relevance votes