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World English Bible

Exodus 23

World English Bible, Verse 8

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⁸ “You shall take no bribe, for a bribe blinds those who have sight and perverts the words of the righteous.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Exodus 23:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 58

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וְשֹׁ֖חַד לֹ֣א תִקָּ֑ח כִּ֤י הַשֹּׁ֙חַד֙ יְעַוֵּ֣ר פִּקְחִ֔ים וִֽיסַלֵּ֖ף דִּבְרֵ֥י צַדִּיקִֽים׃

10 word entries

וְשֹׁ֖חַד

Lemma: c/7810
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7810
Occurrences: 3

לֹ֣א

Lemma: 3808
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 3277

תִקָּ֑ח

Lemma: 3947
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3947
Occurrences: 420

כִּ֤י

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

הַשֹּׁ֨חַד֙

Lemma: d/7810
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H7810
Occurrences: 3

יְעַוֵּ֣ר

Lemma: 5786
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5786
Occurrences: 5

פִּקְחִ֔ים

Lemma: 6493
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H6493
Occurrences: 2

וִֽיסַלֵּ֖ף

Lemma: c/5557
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5557
Occurrences: 3

דִּבְרֵ֥י

Lemma: 1697
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1697
Occurrences: 866

צַדִּיקִֽים

Lemma: 6662
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H6662
Occurrences: 160

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ δῶρα οὐ λήψῃ· τὰ γὰρ δῶρα ἐκτυφλοῖ ὀφθαλμοὺς βλεπόντων, καὶ λυμαῖνεται ῥήματα δίκαια.

14 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

δῶρα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δῶρον
Transliteration: doron
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: gift, offering
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Gift or offering.
Occurrences: 141

οὐ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

λήψῃ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λαμβάνω
Transliteration: lepse
Morphology: verb, aorist active subjunctive 3rd singular or future middle indicative 2nd singular
Gloss: he/she/it may take; you will take
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To take, receive, or obtain.
Occurrences: 894

τὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

γὰρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γάρ
Transliteration: gar
Morphology: postpositive explanatory conjunction
Gloss: for, because
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Explanatory or causal conjunction.
Occurrences: 1390

δῶρα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δῶρον
Transliteration: doron
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: gift, offering
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Gift or offering.
Occurrences: 141

ἐκτυφλοῖ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐκτυφλοῖ
Transliteration: ektyphloi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ὀφθαλμοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὀφθαλμός
Transliteration: ophthalmous
Morphology: noun, masculine accusative plural
Gloss: eyes
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Eye; by extension sight or perception.
Occurrences: 553

βλεπόντων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: βλεπόντων
Transliteration: bleponton
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

λυμαῖνεται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: λυμαῖνεται
Transliteration: lymainetai
Morphology: verb, present/future middle-passive form, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ῥήματα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ῥῆμα
Transliteration: rhema
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: word, saying, matter
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Spoken word, saying, or matter.
Occurrences: 403

δίκαια

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: δίκαια
Transliteration: dikaia
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 24

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

וְשׁוֹחֲדָא לָא תְקַבֵּל אֲרֵי שׁוֹחֲדָא מְעַוֵר עֵינֵי חַכִּימִין וּמְקַלְקֵל פִּתְגָמִין תְּרִיצִין:

11 word entries

וְשׁוֹחֲדָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שוחדא
Transliteration: wshwchd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 1040

תְקַבֵּל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תקבל
Transliteration: tqbl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 30

אֲרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארי
Transliteration: 'ry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 989

שׁוֹחֲדָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שוחדא
Transliteration: shwchd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

מְעַוֵר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עור
Transliteration: m'wr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 8

עֵינֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עיני
Transliteration: 'yny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 53

חַכִּימִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חכימין
Transliteration: chkymyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 7

וּמְקַלְקֵל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מקלקל
Transliteration: wmqlql
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

פִּתְגָמִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פתגמין
Transliteration: ptgmyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 5

תְּרִיצִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תריצין
Transliteration: trytsyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܫܘܚܕܐ ܠܐ ܬܣ̣ܒ. ܡܛܠ ܕܫܘܚܕܐ ܡܥܘܪ ܥܝܢ̈ܝܗܘܢ ܕܚܟܝ̈ܡܐ ܒܕܝܢ̣ܐ. ܘܡܗܦ̣ܟ ܡ̈ܠܝܗܘܢ ܕܙ̈ܟܝܐ.

12 word entries

ܫܘܚܕܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: CWXD>
Morphology: C&WX(WD/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: L>
Morphology: L>
Occurrences: 0

ܬܣ̣ܒ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: TS#B
Morphology: !T!(NSB[
Occurrences: 0

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MVL
Morphology: MVL
Occurrences: 0

ܕܫܘܚܕܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DCWXD>
Morphology: D-C&WX(WD/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܡܥܘܪ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: M<WR
Morphology: !M!<WR=[/:d
Occurrences: 0

ܥܝܢ̈ܝܗܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <JN"JHWN
Morphology: <JN/J-HWN
Occurrences: 0

ܕܚܟܝ̈ܡܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DXKJ"M>
Morphology: D-XKJM/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܒܕܝܢ̣ܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: BDJN#>
Morphology: B-DJN=/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܘܡܗܦ̣ܟ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WMHP#K
Morphology: W-!M!](>]HPK[/
Occurrences: 0

ܡ̈ܠܝܗܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: M"LJHWN
Morphology: ML(>/J-HWN
Occurrences: 0

ܕܙ̈ܟܝܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DZ"KJ>
Morphology: D-ZKJ=/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Nec accipies munera, quæ etiam excæcant prudentes, et subvertunt verba justorum.

11 word entries

nec

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nec
Transliteration: nec
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 750

accipias

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: accipio
Transliteration: accipias
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 632

munera

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: munus
Transliteration: munera
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 118

quae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

excaecant

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: excaeco
Transliteration: excaecant
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 8

etiam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: etiam
Transliteration: etiam
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 326

prudentes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: prudens
Transliteration: prudentes
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 60

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

subvertunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: subuerto
Transliteration: subvertunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 84

verba

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uerbum
Transliteration: verba
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1162

iustorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iustus
Transliteration: iustorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 427

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Exodus 23

Source Text Study

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