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World English Bible

Exodus 23

World English Bible, Verse 1

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¹ “You shall not spread a false report. Don’t join your hand with the wicked to be a malicious witness.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Exodus 23:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 64

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֖א שֵׁ֣מַע שָׁ֑וְא אַל־תָּ֤שֶׁת יָֽדְךָ֙ עִם־רָשָׁ֔ע לִהְיֹ֖ת עֵ֥ד חָמָֽס׃ ס

12 word entries

לֹ֥א

Lemma: 3808
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 3277

תִשָּׂ֖א

Lemma: 5375
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5375
Occurrences: 386

שֵׁ֣מַע

Lemma: 8088 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8088
Occurrences: 13

שָׁ֑וְא

Lemma: 7723
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7723
Occurrences: 37

אַל

Lemma: 408
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H408
Occurrences: 576

תָּ֤שֶׁת

Lemma: 7896
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal jussive 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7896
Occurrences: 68

יָֽדְךָ֙

Lemma: 3027
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3027
Occurrences: 747

עִם

Lemma: 5973 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5973
Occurrences: 900

רָשָׁ֔ע

Lemma: 7563
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H7563
Occurrences: 201

לִהְיֹ֖ת

Lemma: l/1961
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 74

עֵ֥ד

Lemma: 5707
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5707
Occurrences: 51

חָמָֽס

Lemma: 2555
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2555
Occurrences: 48

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Οὐ παραδέξῃ ἀκοὴν ματαίαν· οὐ συγκαταθήσῃ μετὰ τοῦ ἀδίκου γενέσθαι μάρτυς ἄδικος.

12 word entries

Οὐ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

παραδέξῃ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: παραδέξῃ
Transliteration: paradexe
Morphology: subjunctive/dative singular pattern depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἀκοὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἀκοὴν
Transliteration: akoen
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἀκοὴν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 17

ματαίαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ματαίαν
Transliteration: mataian
Morphology: aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
Gloss: they ... / ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

οὐ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

συγκαταθήσῃ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: συγκαταθήσῃ
Transliteration: sygkatathese
Morphology: subjunctive/dative singular pattern depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

μετὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μετά
Transliteration: meta
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with, after
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of μετά.
Occurrences: 2247

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἀδίκου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀδίκου
Transliteration: adikoy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 16

γενέσθαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γίνομαι
Transliteration: genesthai
Morphology: aorist middle infinitive
Gloss: to become, to happen
Part of Speech: infinitive
Definition: To become, happen, come to be, or be made.
Occurrences: 1418

μάρτυς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μάρτυς
Transliteration: martys
Morphology: nominative masculine/feminine singular or accusative plural pattern depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 35

ἄδικος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἄδικος
Transliteration: adikos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

לָא תְקַבֵּל שְׁמַע דִשְׁקָר לָא תְשַׁוִי יְדָךְ עִם חַיָבָא לְמֶהֱוֵי לֵהּ סָהִיד שְׁקָר:

13 word entries

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 1040

תְקַבֵּל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תקבל
Transliteration: tqbl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 30

שְׁמַע

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שמע
Transliteration: shm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 47

דִשְׁקָר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שקר
Transliteration: dshqr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 15

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 1040

תְשַׁוִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תשוי
Transliteration: tshwy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 18

יְדָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידך
Transliteration: ydk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 59

עִם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: 'm
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with
Occurrences: 613

חַיָבָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חיבא
Transliteration: chyb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 9

לְמֶהֱוֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מהוי
Transliteration: lmhwy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 24

לֵהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לה
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 465

סָהִיד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סהיד
Transliteration: shyd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 15

שְׁקָר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שקר
Transliteration: shqr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 15

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܠܐ ܬܫܪ ܫܡܥܐ ܟܕܒܐ. ܠܐ ܬܘܫܛ ܐܝܕܟ ܥܡ ܚܝ̇ܒܐ ܠܡܗܘܐ ܠܗ ܣܗܕܐ ܟܕܒܐ.

13 word entries

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: L>
Morphology: L>
Occurrences: 0

ܬܫܪ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: TCR
Morphology: !T!](>]CR(R=[
Occurrences: 0

ܫܡܥܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: CM<>
Morphology: CM<=/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܟܕܒܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: KDB>
Morphology: KDB=/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: L>
Morphology: L>
Occurrences: 0

ܬܘܫܛ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: TWCV
Morphology: !T!](>](J&WCV[
Occurrences: 0

ܐܝܕܟ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >JDK
Morphology: &>JD/-K
Occurrences: 0

ܥܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <M
Morphology: <M
Occurrences: 0

ܚܝ̇ܒܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: XJ^B>
Morphology: XJB/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܠܡܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LMHW>
Morphology: L-!M!HW(J&>[/
Occurrences: 0

ܠܗ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LH
Morphology: L-H
Occurrences: 0

ܣܗܕܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: SHD>
Morphology: SHD=/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܟܕܒܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: KDB>
Morphology: KDB=/~>
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Non suscipies vocem mendacii, nec junges manum tuam ut pro impio dicas falsum testimonium.

14 word entries

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

suscipies

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suscipio
Transliteration: suscipies
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 184

vocem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uox
Transliteration: vocem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 583

mendacii

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mendacium
Transliteration: mendacii
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 105

nec

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nec
Transliteration: nec
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 750

iunges

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iungo
Transliteration: iunges
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 58

manum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: manus
Transliteration: manum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1822

tuam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tuus
Transliteration: tuam
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5615

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ut
Transliteration: ut
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4533

pro

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pro
Transliteration: pro
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 1148

impio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: impius
Transliteration: impio
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 267

dicas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dico
Transliteration: dicas
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6477

falsum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: falsus
Transliteration: falsum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 41

testimonium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: testimonium
Transliteration: testimonium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 298

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Exodus 23

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

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Proverbs 19:5

Exodus 20:16

Romans 3:8

Psalms 35:11

Deuteronomy 5:20

Leviticus 19:16

Revelation 12:10

Proverbs 19:9

2 Timothy 3:3

1 Peter 3:16

Psalms 15:3