Exodus
Chapter 22
Verse 31
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World English Bible

Exodus 22

World English Bible, Verse 31

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31 “You shall be holy men to me, therefore you shall not eat any meat that is torn by animals in the field. You shall cast it to the dogs.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Exodus 22:31. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 9
Word Entries 65
Editorial Notes 4
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

Shown from source reference 23:1 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֖א שֵׁ֣מַע שָׁ֑וְא אַל־תָּ֤שֶׁת יָֽדְךָ֙ עִם־רָשָׁ֔ע לִהְיֹ֖ת עֵ֥ד חָמָֽס׃ ס

12 word entries
לֹ֥א
Lemma
3808
Morphology
Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H3808
Occurrences
3277
תִשָּׂ֖א
Lemma
5375
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H5375
Occurrences
386
שֵׁ֣מַע
Lemma
8088 b
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H8088
Occurrences
13
שָׁ֑וְא
Lemma
7723
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H7723
Occurrences
37
אַל
Lemma
408
Morphology
Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H408
Occurrences
576
תָּ֤שֶׁת
Lemma
7896
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal jussive 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H7896
Occurrences
68
יָֽדְךָ֙
Lemma
3027
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3027
Occurrences
747
עִם
Lemma
5973 a
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H5973
Occurrences
900
רָשָׁ֔ע
Lemma
7563
Morphology
Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech
adjective
Strong's
H7563
Occurrences
201
לִהְיֹ֖ת
Lemma
l/1961
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H1961
Occurrences
74
עֵ֥ד
Lemma
5707
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H5707
Occurrences
51
חָמָֽס
Lemma
2555
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H2555
Occurrences
48
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Shown from source reference 23:1 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

Οὐ παραδέξῃ ἀκοὴν ματαίαν· οὐ συγκαταθήσῃ μετὰ τοῦ ἀδίκου γενέσθαι μάρτυς ἄδικος.

12 word entries
Οὐ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
οὐ
Transliteration
ou
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Part of Speech
particle
Definition
Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences
5892
παραδέξῃ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
paradexe
Morphology
subjunctive/dative singular pattern depending on context
Gloss
form requires context
Part of Speech
verb/noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
ἀκοὴν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
akoen
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Ἀκοὴν
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
17
ματαίαν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
mataian
Morphology
aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
Gloss
they ... / ...
Part of Speech
verb/noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
3
οὐ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
οὐ
Transliteration
ou
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Part of Speech
particle
Definition
Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences
5892
συγκαταθήσῃ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
sygkatathese
Morphology
subjunctive/dative singular pattern depending on context
Gloss
form requires context
Part of Speech
verb/noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
μετὰ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
meta
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
with, after
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Elided/aspirated form of μετά.
Occurrences
2247
τοῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ἀδίκου
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
adikoy
Morphology
genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss
of ...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
16
γενέσθαι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
genesthai
Morphology
aorist middle infinitive
Gloss
to become, to happen
Part of Speech
infinitive
Definition
To become, happen, come to be, or be made.
Occurrences
1418
μάρτυς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
martys
Morphology
nominative masculine/feminine singular or accusative plural pattern depending on context
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
35
ἄδικος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
adikos
Morphology
nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
14
Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

Shown from source reference 23:1 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

לָא תְקַבֵּל שְׁמַע דִשְׁקָר לָא תְשַׁוִי יְדָךְ עִם חַיָבָא לְמֶהֱוֵי לֵהּ סָהִיד שְׁקָר:

13 word entries
לָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
לא
Transliteration
l'
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Occurrences
1040
תְקַבֵּל
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
tqbl
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
30
שְׁמַע
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
שמע
Transliteration
shm'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
47
דִשְׁקָר
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
שקר
Transliteration
dshqr
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
15
לָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
לא
Transliteration
l'
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Occurrences
1040
תְשַׁוִי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
tshwy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
18
יְדָךְ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ידך
Transliteration
ydk
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
59
עִם
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
עם
Transliteration
'm
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
with
Occurrences
613
חַיָבָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
chyb'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
9
לְמֶהֱוֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
lmhwy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
24
לֵהּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
לה
Transliteration
lh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
465
סָהִיד
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
shyd
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
15
שְׁקָר
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
שקר
Transliteration
shqr
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
15
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

Shown from source reference 23:1 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

ܠܐ ܬܫܪ ܫܡܥܐ ܟܕܒܐ. ܠܐ ܬܘܫܛ ܐܝܕܟ ܥܡ ܚܝ̇ܒܐ ܠܡܗܘܐ ܠܗ ܣܗܕܐ ܟܕܒܐ.

13 word entries
ܠܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
L>
Morphology
L>
Occurrences
0
ܬܫܪ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
TCR
Morphology
!T!](>]CR(R=[
Occurrences
0
ܫܡܥܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
CM<>
Morphology
CM<=/~>
Occurrences
0
ܟܕܒܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
KDB>
Morphology
KDB=/~>
Occurrences
0
ܠܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
L>
Morphology
L>
Occurrences
0
ܬܘܫܛ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
TWCV
Morphology
!T!](>](J&WCV[
Occurrences
0
ܐܝܕܟ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
>JDK
Morphology
&>JD/-K
Occurrences
0
ܥܡ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
<M
Morphology
<M
Occurrences
0
ܚܝ̇ܒܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
XJ^B>
Morphology
XJB/~>
Occurrences
0
ܠܡܗܘܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
LMHW>
Morphology
L-!M!HW(J&>[/
Occurrences
0
ܠܗ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
LH
Morphology
L-H
Occurrences
0
ܣܗܕܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
SHD>
Morphology
SHD=/~>
Occurrences
0
ܟܕܒܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
KDB>
Morphology
KDB=/~>
Occurrences
0
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Viri sancti eritis mihi: carnem, quæ a bestiis fuerit prægustata, non comedetis, sed projicietis canibus.

15 word entries
viri
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
uir
Transliteration
viri
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
1641
sancti
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sanctus
Transliteration
sancti
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
797
eritis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
eritis
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
mihi
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ego
Transliteration
mihi
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
6108
carnem
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
caro
Transliteration
carnem
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
433
quae
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
qui
Transliteration
quae
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
15011
a
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ab
Transliteration
a
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
3693
bestiis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
bestia
Transliteration
bestiis
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
163
fuerit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
fuerit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
praegustata
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
praegustata
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
1
non
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
non
Transliteration
non
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
7320
comedetis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
comedo
Transliteration
comedetis
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
528
sed
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sed
Transliteration
sed
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences
1637
proicietis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
proicio
Transliteration
proicietis
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
167
canibus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
canis
Transliteration
canibus
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
44
Spirit Nation Hebrew/Aramaic Alignment Note English · Hebrew / Biblical Aramaic Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The imported Hebrew/Biblical Aramaic package does not expose this exact reader reference as a one-to-one source row. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "¶ And ye shall be holy men unto me: neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Spirit Nation Greek LXX Alignment Note English · Greek Septuagint Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The Greek Septuagint tradition often follows different ordering, grouping, or book structure here. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "¶ And ye shall be holy men unto me: neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Spirit Nation Syriac Peshitta OT Alignment Note English · Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The Syriac/Peshitta source does not expose this exact reader reference as a one-to-one source row. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "¶ And ye shall be holy men unto me: neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Spirit Nation Targum Alignment Note English · Targum Aramaic Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The imported Targum tradition does not expose this exact reader reference as a one-to-one source row. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "¶ And ye shall be holy men unto me: neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Ezekiel 4:14

Then I said, “Ah Lord Yahweh! Behold, my soul has not been polluted; for from my youth up even until now I have not eaten of that which dies of itself, or is torn of animals. No abominable meat has come into my mouth!”

7 relevance votes

Leviticus 19:2

“Speak to all the congregation of the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘You shall be holy; for I, Yahweh your God, am holy.

7 relevance votes

Acts 15:20

but that we write to them that they abstain from the pollution of idols, from sexual immorality, from what is strangled, and from blood.

4 relevance votes

Leviticus 22:8

He shall not eat that which dies of itself or is torn by animals, defiling himself by it. I am Yahweh.

4 relevance votes

Ezekiel 44:31

The priests shall not eat of anything that dies of itself or is torn, whether it is bird or animal.

4 relevance votes

Deuteronomy 14:21

You shall not eat of anything that dies of itself. You may give it to the foreigner living among you who is within your gates, that he may eat it; or you may sell it to a foreigner; for you are a holy people to Yahweh your God. You shall not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk.

4 relevance votes

Leviticus 20:25

“‘You shall therefore make a distinction between the clean animal and the unclean, and between the unclean fowl and the clean. You shall not make yourselves abominable by animal, or by bird, or by anything with which the ground teems, which I have separated from you as unclean for you.

2 relevance votes

Acts 10:14

But Peter said, “Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten anything that is common or unclean.”

2 relevance votes
Chapter 22 of 40 Verse 31 of 31