20 Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters to all the Jews who were in all the provinces of the King Ahasuerus, both near and far,
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Esther 9:20. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
71
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב מָרְדֳּכַ֔י אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח סְפָרִ֜ים אֶל־כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּכָל־מְדִינוֹת֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ הַקְּרוֹבִ֖ים וְהָרְחוֹקִֽים׃
17 word entries
וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב
אֶת
הַדְּבָרִ֖ים
הָאֵ֑לֶּה
וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח
סְפָרִ֜ים
כָּל
הַיְּהוּדִ֗ים
אֲשֶׁר֙
בְּכָל
מְדִינוֹת֙
הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ
אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ
הַקְּרוֹבִ֖ים
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܟܬܒܝ ܡܘܪܕܟܝ ܡ̈ܠܐ ܗܠܝ̣ܢ ܘܫܕܪ ܐܓܪ̈ܬܐ ܠܟܠܗܘܢ ܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ ܕܒܟܠܗܝܢ ܡܕ̈ܝܢܬܗ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܐܚܫܝܪܝܫ܆ ܕܩܪܝܒܝܢ ܘܕܪ̈ܚܝܩܝܢ.
14 word entries
ܘܟܬܒܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܟܬܒܝ
- Transliteration
- wktby
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܘܪܕܟܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܘܪܕܟܝ
- Transliteration
- mwrdky
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 29
ܡ̈ܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܐ
- Transliteration
- ml'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 159
ܗܠܝ̣ܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- hlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 840
ܘܫܕܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܕܪ
- Transliteration
- wshdr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 204
ܐܓܪ̈ܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܓܪܬܐ
- Transliteration
- 'grt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 44
ܠܟܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܟܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lklhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 176
ܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Transliteration
- yhwdy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 102
ܕܒܟܠܗܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܟܠܗܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dbklhyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܡܕ̈ܝܢܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܕܝܢܬܗ
- Transliteration
- mdynth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 23
ܕܡܠܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܠܟܐ
- Transliteration
- dmlk'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 458
ܐܚܫܝܪܝܫ܆
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܚܫܝܪܝܫ
- Transliteration
- 'hshyrysh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 25
ܕܩܪܝܒܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܩܪܝܒܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dqrybyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 8
ܘܕܪ̈ܚܝܩܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܕܪܚܝܩܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wdrhyqyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וּכְתַב מָרְדְכַי יַת פִּתְגָמַיָא הָאִלֵין וּשְׁדַר פִּטְקִין לְוַת כָּל יְהוּדָאִין דִי בְּכָל פִּילְכֵי דְמַלְכָּא אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ דִקְרִיבִין וְדִרְחִיקִין׃
17 word entries
וּכְתַב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- כתב
- Transliteration
- wktb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 33
מָרְדְכַי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רדכי
- Transliteration
- mrdky
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 55
יַת
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ית
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- accusative/direct object marker
- Gloss
- direct object marker
- Occurrences
- 4303
פִּתְגָמַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פתגמיא
- Transliteration
- ptgmy'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 107
הָאִלֵין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- האלין
- Transliteration
- h'lyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 171
וּשְׁדַר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שדר
- Transliteration
- wshdr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 68
פִּטְקִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פטקין
- Transliteration
- ptqyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 6
לְוַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לות
- Transliteration
- lwt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 430
כָּל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- כל
- Transliteration
- kl
- Morphology
- collective noun/adjective
- Gloss
- all, every
- Occurrences
- 2135
יְהוּדָאִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יהודאין
- Transliteration
- yhwd'yn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 29
דִי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- די
- Transliteration
- dy
- Morphology
- relative/genitive particle
- Gloss
- of, that, which
- Occurrences
- 1711
בְּכָל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בכל
- Transliteration
- bkl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 382
פִּילְכֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פילכי
- Transliteration
- pylky
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 2
דְמַלְכָּא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מלך
- Transliteration
- dmlk'
- Morphology
- prefixed relative/genitive ד + noun masculine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- of/that king
- Occurrences
- 2509
אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אחשורוש
- Transliteration
- 'chshwrwsh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 35
דִקְרִיבִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קריבין
- Transliteration
- dqrybyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 12
וְדִרְחִיקִין׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דרחיקין
- Transliteration
- wdrchyqyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Scripsit itaque Mardochæus omnia hæc, et litteris comprehensa misit ad Judæos qui in omnibus regis provinciis morabantur, tam in vicino positis, quam procul,
23 word entries
scripsit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- scribo
- Transliteration
- scripsit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 451
itaque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- itaque
- Transliteration
- itaque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 371
Mardocheus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Mardocheus
- Transliteration
- Mardocheus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 47
omnia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- omnis
- Transliteration
- omnia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5506
haec
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- haec
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
litteris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- littera
- Transliteration
- litteris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 46
conprehensa
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- comprehendo
- Transliteration
- conprehensa
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 86
misit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mitto
- Transliteration
- misit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1165
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
Iudaeos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iudaei
- Transliteration
- Iudaeos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 362
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
omnibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- omnis
- Transliteration
- omnibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5506
regis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rex
- Transliteration
- regis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2981
provinciis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- prouincia
- Transliteration
- provinciis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 55
morabantur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- moror
- Transliteration
- morabantur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 81
tam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tam
- Transliteration
- tam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 112
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
vicino
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uicinum
- Transliteration
- vicino
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1
positis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pono
- Transliteration
- positis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 894
quam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quam
- Transliteration
- quam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 426
procul
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- procul
- Transliteration
- procul
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 56
These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.
-
Greek LXX
alternate tradition
The current Greek Brenton source archive does not expose this as the same canonical book. Related Greek Esther/Ezra traditions are tracked under separate or alternate structures where available.
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Exodus 17:14
Yahweh said to Moses, “Write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua: that I will utterly blot out the memory of Amalek from under the sky.”
2 relevance votesEsther 1:1
Now in the days of Ahasuerus (this is Ahasuerus who reigned from India even to Ethiopia, over one hundred twenty-seven provinces),
2 relevance votesEsther 8:9
Then the king’s scribes were called at that time, in the third month, which is the month Sivan, on the twenty-third day of the month; and it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded to the Jews, and to the local governors, and the governors and princes of the provinces which are from India to Ethiopia, one hundred twenty-seven provinces, to every province according to its writing, and to every people in their language, and to the Jews in their writing, and in their language.
2 relevance votesEsther 1:22
for he sent letters into all the king’s provinces, into every province according to its writing, and to every people in their language, that every man should rule his own house, speaking in the language of his own people.
2 relevance votesEsther 3:12
Then the king’s scribes were called in on the first month, on the thirteenth day of the month; and all that Haman commanded was written to the king’s local governors, and to the governors who were over every province, and to the princes of every people, to every province according to its writing, and to every people in their language. It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus, and it was sealed with the king’s ring.
2 relevance votes1 Chronicles 16:12
Remember his marvelous works that he has done, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth,
1 relevance votes