18 being darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardening of their hearts.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ephesians 4:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
76
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
ἐσκοτισμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ, ὄντες ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν τὴν οὖσαν ἐν αὐτοῖς, διὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν·
22 word entries
ἐσκοτισμένοι
- Lemma
- eskotismenoi
- Transliteration
- eskotismenoi
- Morphology
- Greek: verb perfect passive participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4654
- Occurrences
- 1
τῇ
διανοίᾳ
ὄντες
ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι
- Lemma
- aphllotriwmenoi
- Transliteration
- aphllotriwmenoi
- Morphology
- Greek: verb perfect passive participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G526
- Occurrences
- 2
τῆς
ζωῆς
τοῦ
Θεοῦ
διὰ
τὴν
ἄγνοιαν
τὴν
οὖσαν
ἐν
αὐτοῖς
διὰ
τὴν
πώρωσιν
τῆς
καρδίας
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ἐσκοτωμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ ὄντες, ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ θεοῦ, διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν τὴν οὖσαν ἐν αὐτοῖς, διὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν,
22 word entries
τῇ
ὄντες,
ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι
- Lemma
- ἀπαλλοτριόω
- Morphology
- V-RPP-NPM
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G0526
- Occurrences
- 3
τῆς
τοῦ
θεοῦ,
τὴν
τὴν
οὖσαν
ἐν
τὴν
τῆς
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܚܫܘܟܝܢ ܒܡܕܥܝܗܘܢ ܘܢܘܟܪܝܝܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܡܢ ܚܝܘܗܝ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܠܝܬ ܒܗܘܢ ܝܕܥܬܐ ܘܡܛܠ ܥܘܝܪܘܬ ܠܒܗܘܢ
14 word entries
ܘܚܫܘܟܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܫܘܟܝܢ
- Transliteration
- whshwkyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܡܕܥܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܡܕܥܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- bmd'yhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 4
ܘܢܘܟܪܝܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܘܟܪܝܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wnwkryyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܐܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'nwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 462
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܚܝܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܝܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- hywhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5
ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- d'lh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 586
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 632
ܕܠܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܝܬ
- Transliteration
- dlyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 52
ܒܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- bhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 69
ܝܕܥܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܕܥܬܐ
- Transliteration
- yd't'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 11
ܘܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- wmtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 45
ܥܘܝܪܘܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܘܝܪܘܬ
- Transliteration
- 'wyrwt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܒܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܒܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lbhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 12
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
tenebris obscuratum habentes intellectum, alienati a vita Dei per ignorantiam, quæ est in illis, propter cæcitatem cordis ipsorum,
18 word entries
tenebris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tenebrae
- Transliteration
- tenebris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 162
obscuratum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- obscuro
- Transliteration
- obscuratum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 17
habentes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- habeo
- Transliteration
- habentes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1641
intellectum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- intellectus
- Transliteration
- intellectum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 59
alienati
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- alieno
- Transliteration
- alienati
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 9
a
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ab
- Transliteration
- a
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3693
vita
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uita
- Transliteration
- vita
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 437
Dei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Dei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
per
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- per
- Transliteration
- per
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1915
ignorantiam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ignorantia
- Transliteration
- ignorantiam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 20
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
illis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
propter
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- propter
- Transliteration
- propter
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 688
caecitatem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- caecitas
- Transliteration
- caecitatem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 10
cordis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cor
- Transliteration
- cordis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1028
ipsorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ipse
- Transliteration
- ipsorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2134
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Matthew 13:15
for this people’s heart has grown callous, their ears are dull of hearing, and they have closed their eyes; or else perhaps they might perceive with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their heart, and would turn again, and I would heal them.’
23 relevance votesEphesians 2:12
that you were at that time separate from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of the promise, having no hope and without God in the world.
15 relevance votesJohn 12:40
“He has blinded their eyes and he hardened their heart, lest they should see with their eyes, and perceive with their heart, and would turn, and I would heal them.”
11 relevance votes2 Corinthians 4:4
in whom the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelieving, that the light of the Good News of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should not dawn on them.
9 relevance votes1 Thessalonians 4:5
not in the passion of lust, even as the Gentiles who don’t know God,
9 relevance votesJames 4:4
You adulterers and adulteresses, don’t you know that friendship with the world is hostility toward God? Whoever therefore wants to be a friend of the world makes himself an enemy of God.
8 relevance votesColossians 1:21
You, being in past times alienated and enemies in your mind in your evil deeds,
7 relevance votes1 John 2:11
But he who hates his brother is in the darkness, and walks in the darkness, and doesn’t know where he is going, because the darkness has blinded his eyes.
6 relevance votesGalatians 4:8
However at that time, not knowing God, you were in bondage to those who by nature are not gods.
5 relevance votesActs 17:30
The times of ignorance therefore God overlooked. But now he commands that all people everywhere should repent,
4 relevance votesRomans 11:25
For I don’t desire you to be ignorant, brothers, of this mystery, so that you won’t be wise in your own conceits, that a partial hardening has happened to Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in,
4 relevance votesRomans 1:28
Even as they refused to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting;
3 relevance votes