4 The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning; but the heart of fools is in the house of mirth.
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ecclesiastes 7:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
לֵ֤ב חֲכָמִים֙ בְּבֵ֣ית אֵ֔בֶל וְלֵ֥ב כְּסִילִ֖ים בְּבֵ֥ית שִׂמְחָֽה׃
לֵ֤ב
חֲכָמִים֙
בְּבֵ֣ית
אֵ֔בֶל
וְלֵ֥ב
כְּסִילִ֖ים
בְּבֵ֥ית
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καρδία σοφῶν ἐν οἴκῳ πένθους, καὶ καρδία ἀφρόνων ἐν οἴκῳ εὐφροσύνης.
Καρδία
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καρδία
- Transliteration
- kardia
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- heart
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Heart, inner life, mind, or will.
- Occurrences
- 867
σοφῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- σοφῶν
- Transliteration
- sophon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 27
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
οἴκῳ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οἶκος
- Transliteration
- oikos
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- house, household
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- House, household, or temple.
- Occurrences
- 1831
πένθους
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πένθους
- Transliteration
- penthoys
- Morphology
- accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 14
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
καρδία
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καρδία
- Transliteration
- kardia
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- heart
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Heart, inner life, mind, or will.
- Occurrences
- 867
ἀφρόνων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀφρόνων
- Transliteration
- aphronon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 25
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
οἴκῳ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οἶκος
- Transliteration
- oikos
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- house, household
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- House, household, or temple.
- Occurrences
- 1831
εὐφροσύνης
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εὐφροσύνη
- Transliteration
- euphrosynes
- Morphology
- noun, feminine genitive singular
- Gloss
- of gladness, joy
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Gladness, joy, or rejoicing.
- Occurrences
- 125
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܠܒܐ ܕܚ̈ܟܝܡܐ ܒܒܝܬ ܐܒܠܐ ܘܠܒܐ ܕܣܟ̈ܠܐ ܒܝܬ ܚܕܘܬܐ
ܠܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܒܐ
- Transliteration
- lb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 95
ܕܚ̈ܟܝܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܟܝܡܐ
- Transliteration
- dhkym'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 22
ܒܒܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܒܝܬ
- Transliteration
- bbyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 27
ܐܒܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܒܠܐ
- Transliteration
- 'bl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 18
ܘܠܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܒܐ
- Transliteration
- wlb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 18
ܕܣܟ̈ܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܣܟܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dskl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 29
ܒܝܬ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܒܝܬ
- Transliteration
- beth
- Morphology
- noun, construct form
- Gloss
- house of
- Occurrences
- 480
ܚܕܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܕܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- hdwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 46
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
לִבְּהוֹן דְּחַכִּימַיָּא אָנֵן עַל חָרְבַּן בֵּית מוּקְדְּשָׁא וִעָצֵיב עַל גָּלוּת בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלֵב שָׁטְיָא בְּחֶדְוַת בֵּית לִיצָנוּתְהוֹן אָכְלִין וְשָׁתַן וּמִתְפַּנְּקִין וְלָא יִתְבוּן עַל לִבְּהוֹן סִגּוּף אֲחֵיהוֹן׃
לִבְּהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בהון
- Transliteration
- lbhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 81
דְּחַכִּימַיָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חכימיא
- Transliteration
- dchkymy'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 37
אָנֵן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אנן
- Transliteration
- 'nn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 8
עַל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- על
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, against, concerning
- Occurrences
- 3568
חָרְבַּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חרבן
- Transliteration
- chrbn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 4
בֵּית
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בית
- Transliteration
- byt
- Morphology
- noun construct/absolute
- Gloss
- house, household
- Occurrences
- 2611
מוּקְדְּשָׁא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- וקדשא
- Transliteration
- mwqdsh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 24
וִעָצֵיב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עציב
- Transliteration
- w'tsyb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
עַל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- על
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, against, concerning
- Occurrences
- 3568
גָּלוּת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גלות
- Transliteration
- glwt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 41
בֵּית
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בית
- Transliteration
- byt
- Morphology
- noun construct/absolute
- Gloss
- house, household
- Occurrences
- 2611
יִשְׂרָאֵל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ישראל
- Transliteration
- yshr'l
- Morphology
- proper noun
- Gloss
- Israel
- Occurrences
- 2312
וְלֵב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ולב
- Transliteration
- wlb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5
שָׁטְיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שטיא
- Transliteration
- shty'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 39
בְּחֶדְוַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חדות
- Transliteration
- bchdwt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 32
בֵּית
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בית
- Transliteration
- byt
- Morphology
- noun construct/absolute
- Gloss
- house, household
- Occurrences
- 2611
לִיצָנוּתְהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יצנותהון
- Transliteration
- lytsnwthwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
אָכְלִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אכלין
- Transliteration
- 'klyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 30
וְשָׁתַן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שתן
- Transliteration
- wshtn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 15
וּמִתְפַּנְּקִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מתפנקין
- Transliteration
- wmtpnqyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
וְלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ולא
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1587
יִתְבוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יתבון
- Transliteration
- ytbwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 32
עַל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- על
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, against, concerning
- Occurrences
- 3568
לִבְּהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בהון
- Transliteration
- lbhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 81
סִגּוּף
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סגוף
- Transliteration
- sgwp
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 4
אֲחֵיהוֹן׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אחיהון
- Transliteration
- 'chyhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 24
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Melior est ira risu, quia per tristitiam vultus corrigitur animus delinquentis.
melior
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- bonus
- Transliteration
- melior
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 847
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
ira
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ira
- Transliteration
- ira
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 265
risu
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- risus
- Transliteration
- risu
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 15
quia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quia
- Transliteration
- quia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2543
per
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- per
- Transliteration
- per
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1915
tristitiam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tristitia
- Transliteration
- tristitiam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 44
vultus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uultus
- Transliteration
- vultus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 97
corrigitur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- corrigo
- Transliteration
- corrigitur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 13
animus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- animus
- Transliteration
- animus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 109
delinquentis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- delinquo
- Transliteration
- delinquentis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 31
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
1 Samuel 25:36
Abigail came to Nabal; and behold, he held a feast in his house like the feast of a king. Nabal’s heart was merry within him, for he was very drunk. Therefore she told him nothing until the morning light.
4 relevance votesJeremiah 51:57
I will make her princes, her wise men, her governors, her deputies, and her mighty men drunk. They will sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake up,” says the King, whose name is Yahweh of Armies.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 51:39
When they are inflamed, I will make their feast, and I will make them drunk, that they may rejoice, and sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake up,” says Yahweh.
3 relevance votes1 Samuel 30:16
When he had brought him down, behold, they were spread around over all the ground, eating, drinking, and dancing, because of all the great plunder that they had taken out of the land of the Philistines, and out of the land of Judah.
3 relevance votes1 Kings 20:16
They went out at noon. But Ben Hadad was drinking himself drunk in the pavilions, he and the kings, the thirty-two kings who helped him.
3 relevance votesDaniel 5:30
In that night Belshazzar the Chaldean King was slain.
3 relevance votesHosea 7:5
On the day of our king, the princes made themselves sick with the heat of wine. He joined his hand with mockers.
3 relevance votesIsaiah 21:4
My heart flutters. Horror has frightened me. The twilight that I desired has been turned into trembling for me.
3 relevance votes2 Samuel 13:28
Absalom commanded his servants, saying, “Mark now, when Amnon’s heart is merry with wine; and when I tell you, ‘Strike Amnon,’ then kill him. Don’t be afraid. Haven’t I commanded you? Be courageous, and be valiant!”
2 relevance votesNahum 1:10
For entangled like thorns, and drunken as with their drink, they are consumed utterly like dry stubble.
1 relevance votes