Ecclesiastes 10

World English Bible, Verse 5

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⁵ There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, the sort of error which proceeds from the ruler.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ecclesiastes 10:5. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 64

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

יֵ֣שׁ רָעָ֔ה רָאִ֖יתִי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ כִּשְׁגָגָ֕ה שֶׁיֹּצָ֖א מִלִּפְנֵ֥י הַשַּׁלִּֽיט׃

9 word entries

יֵ֣שׁ

Lemma: 3426
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3426
Occurrences: 98

רָעָ֔ה

Lemma: 7451 c
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7451
Occurrences: 165

רָאִ֖יתִי

Lemma: 7200
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7200
Occurrences: 675

תַּ֣חַת

Lemma: 8478
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H8478
Occurrences: 423

הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ

Lemma: d/8121
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H8121
Occurrences: 91

כִּשְׁגָגָ֕ה

Lemma: k/7684
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H7684
Occurrences: 1

שֶׁיֹּצָ֖א

Lemma: s/3318
Morphology: Hebrew: particle relative + verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3318
Occurrences: 1

מִלִּפְנֵ֥י

Lemma: m/l/6440
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + preposition + noun common both gender plural construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6440
Occurrences: 73

הַשַּׁלִּֽיט

Lemma: d/7989
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + adjective
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H7989
Occurrences: 2

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἔστι πονηρία ἣν εἶδον ὑπὸ τὸν ἥλιον, ὡς ἀκούσιον ἐξῆλθεν ἀπὸ προσώπου ἐξουσιάζοντος.

13 word entries

Ἔστι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: esti
Morphology: verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it is
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

πονηρία

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πονηρία
Transliteration: poneria
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 18

ἣν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅς
Transliteration: hen
Morphology: relative pronoun, accusative feminine singular
Gloss: whom, which
Part of Speech: relative pronoun
Definition: Relative pronoun who, which, that.
Occurrences: 4123

εἶδον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁράω
Transliteration: eidon
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 1st singular or 3rd plural
Gloss: I/they saw
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To see, perceive, or look at.
Occurrences: 768

ὑπὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὑπό
Transliteration: hypo
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: under, by
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided form of ὑπό.
Occurrences: 443

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἥλιον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἥλιος
Transliteration: helios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: sun
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Sun.
Occurrences: 177

ὡς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὡς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: as, like, when
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 1899

ἀκούσιον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀκούσιον
Transliteration: akoysion
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἐξῆλθεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐξέρχομαι
Transliteration: exelthen
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it went out
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To go out, come out, or depart.
Occurrences: 386

ἀπὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀπό
Transliteration: apo
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, away from
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
Occurrences: 3869

προσώπου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πρόσωπον
Transliteration: prosopon
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: face, presence
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Face, presence, person, or front.
Occurrences: 1170

ἐξουσιάζοντος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐξουσιάζοντος
Transliteration: exoysiazontos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܝܬ ܒܝܫܬܐ ܕܚܙܝܬ ܬܚܝܬ ܫܡܫܐ ܐܝܟ ܛܘܥܝܝ ܕܢܦܩܬ ܩܕܡ ܫܠܝܛܐ

10 word entries

ܐܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܬ
Transliteration: 'yt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 293

ܒܝܫܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܝܫܬܐ
Transliteration: bysht'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 352

ܕܚܙܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܚܙܝܬ
Transliteration: dhzyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 40

ܬܚܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܚܝܬ
Transliteration: thyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 116

ܫܡܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܡܫܐ
Transliteration: shmsh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 99

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܛܘܥܝܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܛܘܥܝܝ
Transliteration: tw'yy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3

ܕܢܦܩܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܢܦܩܬ
Transliteration: dnpqt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

ܩܕܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܕܡ
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1019

ܫܠܝܛܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܠܝܛܐ
Transliteration: shlyt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 64

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אִית בִּישָׁתָא דְחָזִית בְּעַלְמָא הָדֵין תְּחוֹת שִׁמְשָׁא וּמַה נִזְקָא עַלְמָא בְּפִתְגָמָא דְּשָׁלוּתָא דְּנָפְקָא מְהַחְצְפָא עַל גַבְרָא וּמִן קֳדָם שׁוּלְטָן׃

19 word entries

אִית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אית
Transliteration: 'yt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 181

בִּישָׁתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ישתא
Transliteration: bysht'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 193

דְחָזִית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חזית
Transliteration: dchzyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 48

בְּעַלְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלמא
Transliteration: b'lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 549

הָדֵין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הדין
Transliteration: hdyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 604

תְּחוֹת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תחות
Transliteration: tchwt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 145

שִׁמְשָׁא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שמשא
Transliteration: shmsh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 136

וּמַה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ומה
Transliteration: wmh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 82

נִזְקָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נזקא
Transliteration: nzq'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 3

עַלְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלמא
Transliteration: 'lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 549

בְּפִתְגָמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פתגמא
Transliteration: bptgm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 356

דְּשָׁלוּתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שלותא
Transliteration: dshlwt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 9

דְּנָפְקָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נפקא
Transliteration: dnpq'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 14

מְהַחְצְפָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: החצפא
Transliteration: mhchtsp'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

גַבְרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גברא
Transliteration: gbr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 524

וּמִן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ומן
Transliteration: wmn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 310

קֳדָם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: קדם
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: prepositional or nominal form
Gloss: before, in front of, east
Occurrences: 2023

שׁוּלְטָן׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שולטן
Transliteration: shwltn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 22

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

[Est malum quod vidi sub sole, quasi per errorem egrediens a facie principis:

13 word entries

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

malum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: malus
Transliteration: malum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 671

quod

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quod
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

vidi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uideo
Transliteration: vidi
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1988

sub

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sub
Transliteration: sub
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 330

sole

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sol
Transliteration: sole
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 201

quasi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quasi
Transliteration: quasi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 989

per

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: per
Transliteration: per
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 1915

errorem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: error
Transliteration: errorem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 43

egrediens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: egredior
Transliteration: egrediens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 667

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ab
Transliteration: a
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3693

facie

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: facies
Transliteration: facie
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 793

principis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: princeps
Transliteration: principis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 830

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Ecclesiastes 10

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

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