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World English Bible

2 Samuel 22

World English Bible, Verse 5

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⁵ For the waves of death surrounded me. The floods of ungodliness made me afraid.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Samuel 22:5. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 50

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

כִּ֥י אֲפָפֻ֖נִי מִשְׁבְּרֵי־מָ֑וֶת נַחֲלֵ֥י בְלִיַּ֖עַל יְבַעֲתֻֽנִי׃

7 word entries

כִּ֥י

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

אֲפָפֻ֖נִי

Lemma: 661
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H661
Occurrences: 5

מִשְׁבְּרֵי

Lemma: 4867
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4867
Occurrences: 5

מָ֑וֶת

Lemma: 4194
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4194
Occurrences: 93

נַחֲלֵ֥י

Lemma: 5158 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5158
Occurrences: 66

בְלִיַּ֖עַל

Lemma: 1100
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1100
Occurrences: 22

יְבַעֲתֻֽנִי

Lemma: 1204
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1204
Occurrences: 15

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὅτι περιέσχον με συντριμμοὶ θανάτου, χείμαῤῥοι ἀνομίας ἐθάμβησάν με.

9 word entries

Ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

περιέσχον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: περιέσχον
Transliteration: perieschon
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

με

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

συντριμμοὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: συντριμμοὶ
Transliteration: syntrimmoi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

θανάτου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θάνατος
Transliteration: thanatos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: death
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Death.
Occurrences: 301

χείμαῤῥοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: χείμαῤῥοι
Transliteration: cheimaoi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

ἀνομίας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνομία
Transliteration: anomias
Morphology: noun, feminine genitive singular or accusative plural
Gloss: lawlessness, iniquity
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lawlessness, iniquity, or transgression.
Occurrences: 169

ἐθάμβησάν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐθάμβησάν
Transliteration: ethambesan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

με

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܛܠ ܕܚܕܪ̈ܘܢܝ ܚܒ̈ܠܐ ܕܡܘܬܐ ܘܕ̈ܓܠܬܐ ܕܥܘ̈ܠܐ ܕܠܚܢܝ

7 word entries

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܕܚܕܪ̈ܘܢܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܚܕܪܘܢܝ
Transliteration: dhdrwny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 2

ܚܒ̈ܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܒܠܐ
Transliteration: hbl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 38

ܕܡܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܘܬܐ
Transliteration: dmwt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 46

ܘܕ̈ܓܠܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܓܠܬܐ
Transliteration: wdglt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܕܥܘ̈ܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܥܘܠܐ
Transliteration: d'wl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 116

ܕܠܚܢܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܠܚܢܝ
Transliteration: dlhny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אֲרֵי אַקֵיפַתְנִי עָקָא כְּאִתָּא דְיַתְבָא עַל מַתְבְּרָא וְחֵילָא לֵית לָהּ לְמֵילַד וְהִיא מְסַכְּנָא לִמְמָת סִיעַת חַיָבִין בַּעֲתַת יָתִי׃

18 word entries

אֲרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארי
Transliteration: 'ry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1969

אַקֵיפַתְנִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אקיפתני
Transliteration: 'qyptny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

עָקָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עקא
Transliteration: 'q'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 83

כְּאִתָּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אתא
Transliteration: k't'
Morphology: prefixed comparative כ + verbal root אתא
Gloss: as/like came
Occurrences: 341

דְיַתְבָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתבא
Transliteration: dytb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 37

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

מַתְבְּרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תברא
Transliteration: mtbr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 28

וְחֵילָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חילא
Transliteration: wchyl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 218

לֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לית
Transliteration: lyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 629

לָהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לה
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 260

לְמֵילַד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מילד
Transliteration: lmyld
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 11

וְהִיא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: היא
Transliteration: why'
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss: and she, it
Occurrences: 241

מְסַכְּנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סכנא
Transliteration: mskn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 17

לִמְמָת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ממת
Transliteration: lmmt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 29

סִיעַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סיעת
Transliteration: sy't
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 19

חַיָבִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חיבין
Transliteration: chybyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 19

בַּעֲתַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עתת
Transliteration: b'tt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

יָתִי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתי
Transliteration: yty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 381

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Quia circumdederunt me contritiones mortis: torrentes Belial terruerunt me.

9 word entries

quia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quia
Transliteration: quia
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2543

circumdederunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: circumdo
Transliteration: circumdederunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 111

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ego
Transliteration: me
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 6108

contritiones

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: contritio
Transliteration: contritiones
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 46

mortis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mors
Transliteration: mortis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 408

torrentes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: torrens
Transliteration: torrentes
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 122

Belial

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Belial
Transliteration: Belial
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 13

terruerunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: terreo
Transliteration: terruerunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 26

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ego
Transliteration: me
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 6108

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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2 Samuel 22

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Jonah 2:3

Psalms 18:4

1 Thessalonians 5:3

Revelation 17:1

Isaiah 59:19

Revelation 17:15