10 He bowed the heavens also, and came down. Thick darkness was under his feet.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Samuel 22:10. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
41
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וַיֵּ֥ט שָׁמַ֖יִם וַיֵּרַ֑ד וַעֲרָפֶ֖ל תַּ֥חַת רַגְלָֽיו׃
6 word entries
וַיֵּ֥ט
שָׁמַ֖יִם
וַיֵּרַ֑ד
וַעֲרָפֶ֖ל
תַּ֥חַת
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ ἔκλινεν οὐρανοὺς καὶ κατέβη, καὶ γνόφος ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ.
11 word entries
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἔκλινεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἔκλινεν
- Transliteration
- eklinen
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἔκλινεν
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 10
οὐρανοὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- οὐρανοὺς
- Transliteration
- oyranoys
- Morphology
- accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 13
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
κατέβη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καταβαίνω
- Transliteration
- katebe
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it went down
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To go down, descend.
- Occurrences
- 98
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
γνόφος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- γνόφος
- Transliteration
- gnophos
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 13
ὑποκάτω
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὑποκάτω
- Transliteration
- hypokato
- Morphology
- adverb/preposition
- Gloss
- under, beneath
- Part of Speech
- adverb/preposition
- Definition
- Under or beneath.
- Occurrences
- 90
τῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ποδῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πούς
- Transliteration
- podon
- Morphology
- noun, masculine genitive plural
- Gloss
- of feet
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Foot.
- Occurrences
- 141
αὐτοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܨܠܐ ܫܡܝܐ ܘܢܚܬ ܘܥܪܦܠܐ ܬܚܝܬ ܪ̈ܓܠܘܗܝ
6 word entries
ܘܨܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܨܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wsl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܫܡܝܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܫܡܝܐ
- Transliteration
- shmaya
- Morphology
- noun, plural/emphatic
- Gloss
- heavens, sky
- Occurrences
- 200
ܘܢܚܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܚܬ
- Transliteration
- wnht
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 29
ܘܥܪܦܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܥܪܦܠܐ
- Transliteration
- w'rpl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5
ܬܚܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܚܝܬ
- Transliteration
- thyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 116
ܪ̈ܓܠܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܓܠܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- rglwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 23
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וְאַרְכִּין שְׁמַיָא וְאִתְגֵלִי יְקָרֵיהּ וַעֲנַן אֲמִיטְתָא כְּבַשׁ קֳדָמוֹהִי׃
8 word entries
וְאַרְכִּין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארכין
- Transliteration
- w'rkyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4
שְׁמַיָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- שמיא
- Transliteration
- shmy'
- Morphology
- noun masculine plural emphatic
- Gloss
- heavens, sky
- Occurrences
- 368
וְאִתְגֵלִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתגלי
- Transliteration
- w'tgly
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 64
יְקָרֵיהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יקריה
- Transliteration
- yqryh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 51
וַעֲנַן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ענן
- Transliteration
- w'nn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 24
אֲמִיטְתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אמיטתא
- Transliteration
- 'mytt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 9
כְּבַשׁ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- כבש
- Transliteration
- kbsh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 37
קֳדָמוֹהִי׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קדמוהי
- Transliteration
- qdmwhy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 214
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Inclinavit cælos, et descendit: et caligo sub pedibus ejus.
10 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
inclinavit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inclino
- Transliteration
- inclinavit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 77
caelos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- caelus
- Transliteration
- caelos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 35
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
descendit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- descendo
- Transliteration
- descendit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 385
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
caligo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- caligo
- Transliteration
- caligo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 48
sub
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sub
- Transliteration
- sub
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 330
pedibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pes
- Transliteration
- pedibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 362
eius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
1 Kings 8:12
Then Solomon said, “Yahweh has said that he would dwell in the thick darkness.
6 relevance votesPsalms 97:2
Clouds and darkness are around him. Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne.
5 relevance votesPsalms 144:5
Part your heavens, Yahweh, and come down. Touch the mountains, and they will smoke.
3 relevance votesExodus 20:21
The people stayed at a distance, and Moses came near to the thick darkness where God was.
3 relevance votesNahum 1:3
Yahweh is slow to anger, and great in power, and will by no means leave the guilty unpunished. Yahweh has his way in the whirlwind and in the storm, and the clouds are the dust of his feet.
2 relevance votesMatthew 27:45
Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land until the ninth hour.
2 relevance votesDeuteronomy 4:11
You came near and stood under the mountain. The mountain burned with fire to the heart of the sky, with darkness, cloud, and thick darkness.
2 relevance votesPsalms 104:3
He lays the beams of his rooms in the waters. He makes the clouds his chariot. He walks on the wings of the wind.
2 relevance votes