2 Maccabees
Chapter 4
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Verse 16
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World English Bible

2 Maccabees 4

World English Bible, Verse 16

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16 For this reason, severe calamity overtook them. The men whose ways of living they earnestly followed, and to whom they desired to be made like in all things, these became their enemies and punished them.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Maccabees 4:16. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 3
Word Entries 67
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὧν χάριν περιέσχεν αὐτοὺς χαλεπὴ περίστασις, καὶ ὧν ἐζήλουν τὰς ἀγωγὰς, καὶ καθάπαν ἤθελον ἐξομοιοῦσθαι, τούτους πολεμίους καὶ τιμωρητὰς ἔσχον.

20 word entries
Ὧν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ὅς
Transliteration
hon
Morphology
relative pronoun, genitive plural
Gloss
of whom, of which
Part of Speech
relative pronoun
Definition
Relative pronoun who, which, that.
Occurrences
4123
χάριν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
charin
Morphology
noun, feminine accusative singular or prepositional use
Gloss
grace, favor; for the sake of
Part of Speech
noun/preposition
Definition
Grace, favor, thanks; accusative often used prepositionally.
Occurrences
135
περιέσχεν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
perieschen
Morphology
verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss
he/she ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
3
αὐτοὺς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
χαλεπὴ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
chalepe
Morphology
nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
περίστασις
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
peristasis
Morphology
nominative singular feminine third-declension pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ὧν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ὅς
Transliteration
hon
Morphology
relative pronoun, genitive plural
Gloss
of whom, of which
Part of Speech
relative pronoun
Definition
Relative pronoun who, which, that.
Occurrences
4123
ἐζήλουν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
ezeloyn
Morphology
accusative singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
τὰς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ἀγωγὰς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
agogas
Morphology
accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
καθάπαν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
kathapan
Morphology
aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
Gloss
they ... / ...
Part of Speech
verb/noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
ἤθελον
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
ethelon
Morphology
accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
7
ἐξομοιοῦσθαι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
exomoioysthai
Morphology
nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective/verb form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
τούτους
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
houtos
Morphology
demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
this one
Part of Speech
demonstrative pronoun
Definition
This, these.
Occurrences
3767
πολεμίους
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
polemioys
Morphology
accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
10
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
τιμωρητὰς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
timoretas
Morphology
accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
ἔσχον
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
eschon
Morphology
accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
6
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܐܕܪܟܬ ܐܢܘܢ ܒܝܫܬܐ ܘܗܢܘܢ ܕܚܣܡܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܒܥܒ̈ܝܕܬܗܘܢ ܘܒܟܘܠ ܡܕܡ ܨܒܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܕܢܬܕܡܘܢ ܒܗܘܢ ܗܢܘܢ ܐܬܗܦܟܘ ܘܗܘܘ ܠܗܘܢ ܒܥܠܕܒ̈ܒܐ ܘܡܢ ܐܝ̈ܕܝܗܘܢ ܐܬܬܒܥܘ ܐܝܟ ܥܒ̈ܕܝܗܘܢ

25 word entries
ܡܛܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܡܛܠ
Transliteration
mtl
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
2606
ܗܢܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܗܢܐ
Transliteration
hn'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
876
ܐܕܪܟܬ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'drkt
Morphology
possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences
1
ܐܢܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'nwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences
1636
ܒܝܫܬܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
bysht'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
352
ܘܗܢܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
whnwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
89
ܕܚܣܡܝܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dhsmyn
Morphology
possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
1
ܗܘܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܗܘܘ
Transliteration
hww
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
1064
ܒܥܒ̈ܝܕܬܗܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
b'bydthwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
2
ܘܒܟܘܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wbkwl
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
4
ܡܕܡ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܡܕܡ
Transliteration
mdm
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
406
ܨܒܝܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
sbyn
Morphology
possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences
18
ܗܘܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܗܘܘ
Transliteration
hww
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
1064
ܕܢܬܕܡܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dntdmwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
1
ܒܗܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
bhwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
223
ܗܢܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
hnwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences
424
ܐܬܗܦܟܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'thpkw
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
8
ܘܗܘܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
whww
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
114
ܠܗܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lhwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
1134
ܒܥܠܕܒ̈ܒܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
b'ldbb'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
50
ܘܡܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܘܡܢ
Transliteration
wmn
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
827
ܐܝ̈ܕܝܗܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'ydyhwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences
61
ܐܬܬܒܥܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'ttb'w
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
2
ܐܝܟ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܐܝܟ
Transliteration
'yk
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
2051
ܥܒ̈ܕܝܗܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'bdyhwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences
36
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

quarum gratia periculosa eos contentio habebat, et eorum instituta æmulabantur, ac per omnia his consimiles esse cupiebant, quos hoste et peremptores habuerant.

22 word entries
quarum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
qui
Transliteration
quarum
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
15011
gratia
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
gratia
Transliteration
gratia
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
364
periculosa
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
periculosa
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
4
eos
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
is
Transliteration
eos
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
17810
contentio
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
contentio
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
27
habebat
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
habeo
Transliteration
habebat
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
1641
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
eorum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
is
Transliteration
eorum
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
17810
instituta
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
instituta
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
5
aemulabantur
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
aemulor
Transliteration
aemulabantur
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
25
ac
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ac
Transliteration
ac
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences
184
per
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
per
Transliteration
per
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
1915
omnia
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
omnis
Transliteration
omnia
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
5506
his
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
hic
Transliteration
his
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
4646
consimiles
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
consimiles
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
2
esse
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
esse
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
cupiebant
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
cupio
Transliteration
cupiebant
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
30
quos
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
qui
Transliteration
quos
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
15011
hostes
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
hostis
Transliteration
hostes
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
125
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
peremptores
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
peremptores
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
1
habuerant
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
habeo
Transliteration
habuerant
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
1641
Chapter 4 of 15 Verse 16 of 50