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Apocrypha · World English Bible

2 Maccabees 11

World English Bible, Verse 22

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²² And the king’s letter contained these words: “King Antiochus to his brother Lysias, greetings.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Maccabees 11:22. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 3

Word Entries 33

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἡ δὲ τοῦ βασιλέως ἐπιστολὴ περιεῖχεν οὕτως· βασιλεὺς Ἀντίοχος τῷ ἀδελφῷ Λυσίᾳ χαίρειν.

13 word entries

Ἡ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

βασιλέως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: βασιλεύς
Transliteration: basileus
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: king
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: King or ruler.
Occurrences: 3067

ἐπιστολὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐπιστολὴ
Transliteration: epistole
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

περιεῖχεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: περιεῖχεν
Transliteration: perieichen
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

οὕτως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὕτως
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: thus, so
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: Thus, so, in this way.
Occurrences: 776

βασιλεὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: βασιλεύς
Transliteration: basileus
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: king
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: King or ruler.
Occurrences: 3067

Ἀντίοχος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀντίοχος
Transliteration: antiochos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 24

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἀδελφῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀδελφός
Transliteration: adelphos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: brother
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Brother, kinsman, or member of a people.
Occurrences: 739

Λυσίᾳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: λυσίᾳ
Transliteration: lysia
Morphology: dative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

χαίρειν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: χαίρειν
Transliteration: chairein
Morphology: present/aorist active infinitive pattern
Gloss: to ...
Part of Speech: infinitive
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 24

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܬܬ ܐܓܪܬܗ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܕܟܬܝܒܐ ܗܟܢܐ ܐܢܛܝܟܘܣ ܡܠܟܐ ܠܠܘܣܝܐܣ ܐܚܝ ܫܠܡ

10 word entries

ܐܬܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܬܬ
Transliteration: 'tt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 17

ܐܓܪܬܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܓܪܬܗ
Transliteration: 'grth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܕܡܠܟܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܠܟܐ
Transliteration: dmlk'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 458

ܕܟܬܝܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܟܬܝܒܐ
Transliteration: dktyb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 3

ܗܟܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܟܢܐ
Transliteration: hkn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 718

ܐܢܛܝܟܘܣ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܛܝܟܘܣ
Transliteration: 'ntykws
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 40

ܡܠܟܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܠܟܐ
Transliteration: malka
Morphology: noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss: king
Occurrences: 1870

ܠܠܘܣܝܐܣ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܠܘܣܝܐܣ
Transliteration: llwsy's
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 3

ܐܚܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܚܝ
Transliteration: 'hy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 49

ܫܠܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܠܡ
Transliteration: shlm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 72

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Regis autem epistola ista continebat: Rex Antiochus Lysiæ fratri salutem.

10 word entries

regis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: rex
Transliteration: regis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2981

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

epistula

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: epistola
Transliteration: epistula
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 73

ista

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iste
Transliteration: ista
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 877

continebat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: contineo
Transliteration: continebat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 51

rex

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: rex
Transliteration: rex
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2981

Antiochus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Antiochus
Transliteration: Antiochus
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 63

Lysiae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Lysias
Transliteration: Lysiae
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 18

fratri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: frater
Transliteration: fratri
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1060

salutem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: salus
Transliteration: salutem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 186

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