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World English Bible

2 Esdras 7

World English Bible, Verse 48

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⁴⁸ For an evil heart has grown up in us, which has led us astray from these commandments and has brought us into corruption and into the ways of death. It has shown us the paths of perdition and removed us far from life—and that, not a few only, but nearly all who have been created.”

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Esdras 7:48. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 1

Word Entries 30

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܓܝܪ ܒܢ ܠܒܐ ܒܝ̣ܫܐ̣. ܕܗ̣ܘ ܐܛܥܝܢ ܡܢ ܗܠܝܢ. ܘܕܒܪܢ ܠܚܒ̇ܠܐ ܘܐܘܪ̈ܚܬܐ ܕܡܘܬܐ ܚܘ̇ܝܢ. ܘܫܒ̈ܝܠܐ ܕܐܒܕܢܐ ܐܘܕܥܢ. ܘܐܪܚܩܢ ܡܢ ܚ̈ܝܐ. ܘܗܕܐ ܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܠܙܥܘܪ̈ܐ. ܐܠܐ ܚ̇ܒܪ ܕܠܟܠܗܘܢ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܗܘܘ ܀

30 word entries

ܐܝܬܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܬܘܗܝ
Transliteration: 'ytwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 64

ܓܝܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܓܝܪ
Transliteration: gyr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 455

ܒܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܢ
Transliteration: bn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 27

ܠܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܐ
Transliteration: lb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 95

ܒܝ̣ܫܐ̣

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܝܫܐ
Transliteration: bysh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 122

ܕܗ̣ܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܗܘ
Transliteration: dhw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 90

ܐܛܥܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܛܥܝܢ
Transliteration: 't'yn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 2

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܗܠܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܠܝܢ
Transliteration: hlyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 840

ܘܕܒܪܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܒܪܢ
Transliteration: wdbrn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܠܚܒ̇ܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܚܒܠܐ
Transliteration: lhbl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 23

ܘܐܘܪ̈ܚܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܘܪܚܬܐ
Transliteration: w'wrht'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܕܡܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܘܬܐ
Transliteration: dmwt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 46

ܚܘ̇ܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܘܝܢ
Transliteration: hwyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 1

ܘܫܒ̈ܝܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܫܒܝܠܐ
Transliteration: wshbyl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 5

ܕܐܒܕܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܒܕܢܐ
Transliteration: d'bdn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 5

ܐܘܕܥܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܘܕܥܢ
Transliteration: 'wd'n
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2

ܘܐܪܚܩܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܪܚܩܢ
Transliteration: w'rhqn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܚ̈ܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܝܐ
Transliteration: hy'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 92

ܘܗܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܗܕܐ
Transliteration: whd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 21

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܠܐ
Transliteration: la
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2566

ܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘܐ
Transliteration: hwa
Morphology: verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss: was, became
Occurrences: 1800

ܠܙܥܘܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܙܥܘܪܐ
Transliteration: lz'wr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 3

ܐܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܠܐ
Transliteration: 'l'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 564

ܚ̇ܒܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܒܪ
Transliteration: hbr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 4

ܕܠܟܠܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܠܟܠܗܘܢ
Transliteration: dlklhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 5

ܐܝܠܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܠܝܢ
Transliteration: 'ylyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 346

ܕܗܘܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܗܘܘ
Transliteration: dhww
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 57

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 0

Source availability notes

These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.

Greek LXX not in current source set
No Greek Brenton source panel is present for 2 Esdras in the current public-domain archive.
Latin Vulgate integrated or unmapped
The Latin Vulgate source tradition is not mapped as a standalone panel for this separate apocryphal book/addition yet.

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